FIGURE OF SPEECH
Trần Nhật Dương
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Definition
Figure of speech is use of word in certain conventional patterns of though and expression
Figure of speech are the flowers of rhetoric. They give to poetry much of its beauty and fragrance, its sweetness and germinal power.
Simile
Simile is figure of speech used in describing or explaining something. It points out a likeness between two different objects or ideas by using a connective word. This connective word is usually “like” or “as”.
Often a simile becomes so compact that we drop the connecting word. Then the simile becomes a metaphor.
Metaphor
Metaphor is an expression taken from one field of experience and used to say something in another field. A metaphor suggests a comparison without using the word “like” or “as”.
Metaphors are important in the speech of politicians, scientists and journalists.
Great works of literature are enriched by metaphor
Personification
Personification is the application of human qualities to something that is not human.
Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech by which a phrase or word is used for a related phrase or word.
Synecdoche
Synecdoche, which is related to metonymy, we name the part for the whole.
Irony
Irony is a device used in speaking and writing to deliberately express ideas so they can be understood in two different ways.
There are three basis kinds of irony: (1) verbal irony, (2) dramatic irony, and (3) irony of fate
Understatement or Litotes
Understatement or litotes expresses a positive meaning by using a negative form.
Overstatement or Hyperbole
Overstatement or Hyperbole is an exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally but for a special effect.
Farce, Slapstick or Buffoonery
Farce, Slapstick or Buffoonery involve such pranks (amusing tricks) as throwing apple-pies in actors’ faces or pushing unsuspecting persons into swimming pools.
Parody and Burlesque
Parody and Burlesque change the wording of a well-known story or song to produce comic results.
Paradox
Paradox is a self-contradictory statement that in reality may express a certain amount of truth, intended to cause surprise or arrest attention.
Mimicry
Mimicry imitates another person’s habits, gestures, or speech for comic effect.
Oxymoron
Oxymoron contains apparently contradictory terms which appear in conjunction for startling effect.
Alliteration
Alliteration is the use of the same sound, usually a consonant, at the beginning of neighboring words in a sentence or phrase.
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia uses words to imitate natural sounds such as the ringing of bells, the singing of birds, or the voices of animals. In a broader sense it refers to any combination of imitative sounds and rhythms that are used to reinforce the sense or moods of a passage of poetry or prose.
Assonance
Assonance is the repetition of the same vowel sound.
Parallelism
Parallelism is the use of two words, phrases or lines in which the meaning of the first one is restated or paralleled by the second one.
Antithesis
Antithesis is a striking contrast of ideas marked by the choice and arrangement of words in the same sentence to secure emphasis.
Euphemism
Euphemism is the use of expressions indirect but more pleasing to the ear in place of more direct and accurate ones that sound rather negative.
Pun
Pun is the humorous use of a word or words that are alike or nearly alike in sound in order to reveal the different meanings.
Climax
Climax is the arrangement of ideas in the order or less more importance.
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