GD CD: Câu hỏi ôn tập Lịch sử Đảng

 

 

Câu hỏi ôn tập về Lịch sử Đảng

 

Cau 1: Khai quat chinh sach thong tri va khai thac thuoc dia cua td phap doi voi dn ta? Hau qua cua cs do?

-nam 1858 td phap ban vao dao Son Tra  mo dau cho qtrinh xl VN

-sau khi danh chiem duoc nuoc ta, td phap thiet lap bo may thong tri thuc dan va tien hanh nhung cuoc khai thac nham cuop doat tai nguyen boc lot nhan cong te mat va  mo rong thi truong tieu thu hang hoa

*noi dug cua cs:

1. cs ve ctri:

-td p thuc hien cs cai tri truc tiep: p nam quyen ve moi mat nhung van nuoi duong vua quan nha Nguyen lam tay sai, bu nhin

-nguoi p thuc hien triet de cs “chia de tri” nham pha vo moi doan ket toan dan: chia ve lanh tho quoc gia, chi ve ton giao, vung mien. Chung chia nuoc ta lam 3 ki,  moi ki dat 1 che do cai tri rieng va nhap 3 ky do voi Lao va Campuchia de lap ra lien bang Dong Duong thuoc P, xoa ten nuoc ta tren ban do the gioi. Chung gay chia re va thu han giua bac trung nam, giua cac dt, ton giao, cac dia phuong, tham chi giua cac dong ho, giua dt VN voi cac dt tren ban dao Dong duong

-xoa bo moi quyen tu do dan chu, san sang thang tay dan ap, khung bo dim cac cuoc ctranh yeu nuoc cua dan ta trong bien mau

2. cs ve kte

-tiep tuc duy tri phuong thuc sxpk nham khai thac lao dong, chiem doat toi da ve dat dai

- nguoi p du nhap 1 cach han che PTSX TP vao VN. P chi ptrien nhung nganh CN ko co kha nang canh tranh voi CN chinh quoc. Chung tap trung vao khai thac mo (mo than), don dien (cao su)

- td P tien hanh cs dac quyen ve nhieu mat: tai chinh, ngan hang, thue, xuat nhap khau…

Chung tang cuong cac ngan hang cu, lap nhieu nganhang  moi de cho vay lay lai cao, thong qua ngan hang Dong duong de thau tom va ksoat moi hd kte o dong duong. Chung thi hanh cs doc chiem thi truong, dung hang rao thue quan de ngan chan hang nhap tu nuoc khac. Cac thu thue deu tang 2,3 lan so voi truoc, dua ra nhieu loai thue vo ly nham boc lot toi da dvoi nd ta. Cs doc quyen ruou, thuoc phien, muoi tao 1 nguon thu lon cho td p. Chung thuc hien che do mo phu cuc ky man ro, ra suc chiem doat ruong dat cua nong dan.

3. ve van hoa

-nguoi p thuc thi triet de cs “ngudan de tri”, p han che nhung tu tuong tien bo vao VN, chung thi hanh triet de cs vh no dich, gay tam ly tu ti, vong ban, khuyen khich cac hd me tin di doan, duy tri cac thu tuc co hu, lac hau, duy tri tan du che do pk, dau doc nd ta bang ruou con, thuoc phien, cam cac hd yeu nuoc, han che viec mo truong lop => lam giam sut y chi dtranh cua dt db la gioi tre => cac chinh sach tren deu nham muc dich mang lai loi nhuan roi da cho td p. Nham de bep moi ptrao phan khang cu and VN, de duy tri cai tri cua p o nuoc ta. Sau 1 khoang thoi gian dai cai tri va boc lot => gay ra nhieu hau qua nghiem trong

* hau qua

- bien nuoc ta tu 1 nuoc pkdl tro thanh nuoc thuoc dia

- nd VN tu nhung nguoi tu do tro thanh nhugn nguoi no le

- nen kte nuoc ta cham ptrien, ptrien ko deu, phu thuoc chu yeu vao p, ds nd kho khan

- nen van hoa bi p kim kep, luong van hoa tien bo ko duoc du nhap

- bo may chinh quyen tro thanh cong cu tay sai cho p

- su phan hoa giai cap dien ra ngay cang sau sac

+ g/c pk dia chu dau hang de quoc, dua vao chugn de boc lot nd

+ g/c nd bi ban cung hoa: ko co tu lieu sx, mat het ruong dat

+ xh g/c moi: ts:ts dt va ts mai ban, dcpk: phan dong va yeu nuoc

+ hinh thanh g/c cong nhan

- do su cai tri cua p va su phan hoa ve g/c dan den xh co nhieu mau thuan. Trong do co 2 mau thuan co ban la mau thuan giua toan dt VN voi td p (mau thuan chu yeu) va mau thuan giua nd ld voi dua chu pk

 

Cau 5: su hinh thanh 3 to chuc cong san dau tien o nuoc ta

- cuoi thap nien 20 ptrao theo khuynh huong vo san ngay cang thu hut duoc su ung ho cua quan chung nd. Su ptrien cua ptrao dat ra yeu cau moi thanh lap chinh dang cua g/c VS. Hoi VN cm thanh nien da hoan thanh xuat sac vtro cua minh, su ton tai cua hoi ko con phu hop voi dk moi

- T3/1929 chi bo CS dtien da duoc thanh lap (tai so nha 5D, ham long, HN) luc dau co 7 nguoi

- T5/1929 tai dai hoi cua hoi VNCMTN cac dai bieu o mien bac dat ra yeu cau phai thanh lap chinh dang CS o VN nhugn khong thanh cong => cac dai bieu mien bac bo dai hoi ve nuoc

- 17/6/1929 tai so nha 312 kham thien, ha noi cac dai bieu tien tien cua hoi VNCMTN o mien bac da thanh lap “to chuc dong duong cong san dang” ra tuyen ngon, chuong trinh, dieu le dang, ra bao “bua liem” lam cq ngon luan cua dang. To chuc co dia ban hd chu yeu o mien bac

- truoc nhu cau cua ptrao cm va voi su ra doi cua dong duong cs dang cac dai bieu con lai cua hoi VNCMTN da tuyen bo giai tan va thanh lap to chuc “an nam cs dang”, ra tuyen ngon, chuongtrinh hd va ra to bao Bonsevic lam co quan ngon luan cua to chuc. Hd chu yeu o mien nam

T11/1929 an nam cs dang hop dai hoi tai sai gon de thong qua duong loi ctri, dieu le dang va lap BCH TWD

- T9/1929 cac dai bieu tien tien cua tan viet cm dang da quyet dinh doi ten thanh lap “dong duong cs lien doan” hd chu yeu o mien trung

=> VN xh 3 to chuc cs, ho cung chung md, ly tuong, luc luong nhung lai hoat dong rien re va cong kich lan nhau => anh huong toi tuong lai cm sau nay. Dieu do chung to xu the thanh lap dang cs da tro thanh tat yeu cua ptrao dt VN

 

Cau 7: noi dung co ban cua luan cuong ctri cua dang? Han che va nguyen nhan han che cua luan cuong?

1. noi dung luan cuong :

Do d/c Tran phu soan thao tren co so ke thua cuong linh ctri dau tien va duoc HNTW  T10/1930 thong qua

- luan cuong de cap toi mau thuan xh dong duong: mau thuan gay gat giua tho thuyen (nong dan, phan tu lao kho) voi de quoc, dia chu va TS

- phuong huong cach mang: can phai thuc hien ts dan quyen va tho dia cm. Sau khi thang loi bo qua thoi ki TBCN ma tien thang len CNXH

- nvu cm: danh do td p, pk, thuc hien tho dia cm cho triet de lam cho dong duong hoan toan doc lap, dong thoi xoa bo di tich boc lot “loi boc lot tien tu san”. Hai nvu chien luoc chong dq va pk co mqh khang khit voi nhau, trong do “tho dia la cai cot cua cm ts dan quyen”

- luc luong cm: luan cuong cho rang cong nhan – nong dan la g/c chinh, g/c qtrong, giu vtro then chot cm, cac g/c tang lop khac hoac chi tham gia cm luc dau hoac phan boi hoac chong lai cm

- phuong phap cm: luan cuong khang dinh phai dau tranh vu trang, bao luc cm de gianh chinh quyen

- lanh dao cm: su lanh dao cua dang la nhan to qtrong quyet dinh su thang loi  cua cm

- doan ket quoc te: cm VN la 1 bo phan cua cm qte, vs VN phai doan ket voi VS the gioi

=> y nghia: luan cuong ve co ban da thong nhat, ke thua va phat trien nhung van de ly luan cua cm VN tu cuong linh ctri dau tien. Ngoai ra luan cuong con bo sung them 2 luan diem qtrong phuong huong va phuong phap cm cho chien luoc cua cm

2. Han che

- ko nhan manh nhiem vu gp dt la uu tien hang dau can chu trong, ma nang ne ve dtranh g/c, ve cm ruong dat. Do luan cuong ctri da ko vach ro mau thuan chu yeu cua xh VN thuoc dia la mau thuan giua dt VN bi no dich voi de quoc thuc dan phap xl va tay sai cua chung

- luan cuong trong khi de cao vtro cua g/c cong nhan – nong dan thi chua thay het kha nang phan hoa, lam cm cua g/c khac. Luan cuong chua danh gia dung muc vtro cm cua g.c tts, phu nhan mat tich cuc cua ts dt, cuong dieu mat han che cua ho => chua phat huy suc manh toan dt, phat huy khoi dai doan ket dt

3. nguyen nhan han che

- do co su nhan thuc giao dieu, may moc ve mqh giua van de dt va g/c trong cm o 1 nuoc thuoc dia

- do chuan am chac va hieu biet ko day du ve tinh hinh dac diem cua xh, g/c va dt o dong duong

- chiu anh huong truc tiep cua khuynh huong “ta” cua QTCS va 1 so DCS trong thoi gian do

- chua nhan thay mat tich cuc, danh gia dung muc vai tro va kha nang lanh dao cm cua tang lop khac, db la tri thuc

 

Cau 8: chu truong chien luoc moi cua dang thoi ky 1939-1945?

(Chu truong chuyen huong chi dao chien luoc cm cua dang. Chu truong duoc mo dau tai HNBCH TW lan thu 6 (t10/1929- ba diem- hooc mon- gia dinh- tp hcm) va tiep tuc khang dinh tai HNTW7 (t11/1930-dinh bang-tu son-bac ninh), duoc hoan thien tai HNTW8 (t5/1941-pac bo-ha quang-cao bang)

- dang ta de cao nhiem vu gp dt la hang dau va can duoc uu tien gq truoc. “Trong luc nay, neuko gq duoc van de dt gp, ko doi duoc doc lap, tu do cho toan the dt, thi chang nhung toan the qgia, dt con phai chiu mai kiep ngua trau, ma quyen loi cua BP g/c den van nam cung ko doi lai duoc”

- tam gac khau hieu “cm ruong dat” de tap trung chon vu qtrong nhat la gp dt

- dang ta tich thu ruong dat cua de quoc va dia chu phan dong (viet gian) dong thoi giam to, thue, cam cho vay nang lai

- dang ta tap hop luc luong trong cac mat tran ko phan biet tho thuyen, dan cay, phu nong, tieu ts, ts ban xu, trung tieu dia chu, ai co long yeu nuoc thuong noi deu to chuc vao mat tran dt thong nhat nham phat huy toi da suc manh toan dt de thuc hien nvu chung

+ T3/1938: mat tran dan chu dong duong

1939: mat tran dt thong nhat phan de dong duong

1941: mat tran dl dong minh (viet minh)

- ve the che ctri: sau khi dtranh gianh dl thanh lap mat tran dan chu kieu moi cua nd ld de thay chon ha nuoc cong nong binh truoc day

- dang ta nhan manh: chuan bi luc luong cho khoi nghia la nvu trong tam

- HN xd phai chuan bi cho dtranh vu trang di lien voi dtranh ctri va dang ta nhan manh phai chu dong, linh hoat va sang tao trong dtranh cho phu phop voi tinh hinh cua moi dia phuong

- HNTW8 nhan manh quyen dt ty quyet db la o 3 nuoc dong duong VN, Lao, Campuchia => thanh lap 3 mat tran tuong ung voi 3 quoc gia: viet minh – VN, itxala – Lao, itxavac – kho me.

=> tom lai: chu truong chuyen huong chi dao chien lung cm cua dang thong qua HN6,7,8 da duoc xd ro rang, cu the, dap ung nhu cau cua ls trong thoi diem kho khan o dong duong. Dieu do cung the hien sun hay ben trong nam bat tinh hinh, the hien nhieu van de chien luoc cm gp dt, dk dt, xd ll da duoc cu the hoa.

 

Cau 9: noi dung va y nghia chi thi Nhat – Phap ban nhau va hanh dong cua chung ta (12/3/1945)

* hoan canh ls:

Dau nam 45, ctranh tg thu 2 buoc vao giai doan ket thuc. Phat xit duc rut khoi chay au => phap duoc gp. Nhat thi lien tiep thua dau o chau a thai binh duong => thay doi cuc dien o dong duong. Luc luong td p dang nuoi tham vong khoi phuc lai quyen thong tri cua chung tren ban dao dong duong => mau thuan giua p va n cang tro nen gay gat

- 9/3/45 nhat tien hanh dao chinh Phap de gianh quyen doc chiem dong duong

* noi dung chi thi “nhat phap danh nhau va hanh dong cua chung ta”

Du doan truoc duoc tinh hinh, ngay truoc luc nhat no sung, tong bi thu truong chinh trieu tap HN ban thuong vu TWdang hop tai dinh bang, tu son, bac ninh => dua chu truong moi, chi  thi: “nhat phap…)(12/3/45)

- dang xd ke thu duy nhat cua nd dong duong luc nay la nhat. Vi vay phai thay khau hieu “danh duoi phat xit nhat- phap” bang khau hieu “danh duoi px nhat” va dua ra khau hieu “thanh lap chinh quyen cm cua nd dong duong” de chong lai cp bu nhin Viet gian than Nhat

- ban chi thi nhan dinh rang cuoc dao chinh cua nhat lat do phap de doc chiem dong duong da tao ra 1 cuoc khung hoang chinh tri sau sac => thuan loi gianh chinh quyen nhung thoi co chua chin muoi do nhat lon manh

- dang ta du kien thoi co de khoi nghia:

+ khi quan dong minh keo vao dong duong danh nhat => nhat phai dua quan ra mat tran de ngan can quan dong minh => tao ra so ho sau lung

+ nuoc nhat co the mat nhu nuoc phap 1940 lam cho chinh quyen than nhat o dong duong bi sup do => luc do chung ta se gianh duoc chinh quyen

- dang phat dong cao trao khang nhat cuu nuoc tren taon quoc va nhan manh xd ll khoi nghia vu trang gianh cq: pha kho thoc, bieu tinh tuan hanh thi uy, bai cong ctri, phat dong dtranh du kich…

-dang khang dinh tinh chu dong, sang tao cua cac cap dia phuong trong viec dtranh gianh cq voi nhieu hthuc va pp phong phu

- chi thi con neu ro rang, du sao ta van khong duoc y lai vao nguoi va tu bo tay minh trong khi tinh the chuyen bien thuan loi, ma phai neu cao tinh than dua vao suc minh la chinh

* y nghia:

Chi thi “nhat phap…” the hien su sang suot, kien quyet, kip thoi cua dang.Do la kim chi nam cho moi hd cua dang va viet minh, mo dau cho cao trao khang nhat cuu nuoc dang len manh me trong nuoc, la tien de cho thang loi sau nay cua cm t8/45

 

Cau 10: qtrinh chuan bi ve moi mat cua dang ta cho thanh cong cua cm t8/45

*ve chinh tri:

- t10/41 mat tran viet minh da chinh thuc ra doi. Mtran da ra tuyen bo ve chuong trinh hd 44 dieu trong do co 2 dieu co ban

+ lam cho nuoc nam hoan toan doc lap

+ lam chon d ta duoc sung suong, tu do

Mat tran VM chu truong tap trung dong dao luc lung, khong phan biet dt, ton giao, dang phai, xu huong ctri mien la nguoi VN va co tinh than yeu nuoc va cung chung ly tuong, md la lam cho VN hoan toan dlap

Do chuong trinh hd dong rat tien bo dau nam 1945 mtran CM co tam anh huong rat lon o nhieu noi. Mtran VM da lam thay doi cong tac cq o nhieu vung tu do.

- 1943 dang thong qua “de cuong van hoa VN”, xd van hoa cung la 1 mat tran dtranh. XD VH theo 3 ngtac: dt,khoa hoc, dai chung

- 1944 dang ta chu truong thanh lap dang dan chu VN, tap trung dong dao tri thuc van nghe si nguoi viet dung vao hang ngu cm, dtranh gianh doc lap dt

* vu trang (qsu)

- dau nam 1941: doi “tu ve cao bang” da duoc thanh lap nham bao ve co quan dau nao cua dang tranh khoi moi de doa tu phap nhat

- Tiep tuc duy tri du kich bac son, ptrien thanh CN cuu quoc quan la co so cho luc luong vu trang o viet bac (to chuc vu trang dau tien)

-22/12/44: doi VN tuyen truyen gp quan thanh lap voi chuc nang ban dau: ctri coi trong hon qsu, tuyen truyen coi tron hon tac chien. Danh thang lien tiep 2 tran lon o Phai Khat (25/12), Na Ngan (26/12) thuoc tinh cao bang

=> t3/1945 hop nhat VNCCQ va VNTTGP quan thanh VN gp quan. Day la ll qsu qtrong gop phan thanh cong cm VN

* xd can cu dua

- do xd vtro qtrong cua can cu dua => dang ta xd ll gp o mien nui lam ban dao de tien toi gp mien xuoi

- dau nam 45 co 12 can cu dia duoc xd o ca 3 mien db la hinh anh 6 tinh cao bac lang thai tuyen ha tro thanh tieu bieu cho can cu dia cm

* xs ll: to chuc ptrien dang vien, chu trong dao tao r all can bo ke can tiep quan cq sau nay

KL: trong vong 5 nam nhung cong tac chuan bi ve moi mat chung tad a chuan bi sn sang cho viec khoi nghia gianh cq khi thoi co den. Dieu nay bac bo quan diem cua the luc thu dich ve viec gianh cq o nuoc ta

 

Cau 11: lam ro “van menh nuoc ta nhu ngan can treo soi toc” sau t8/45

Sau cm t8, cq nd vua moi duoc thanh lap da phai duong dau voi nhug kho khan thu thach rat nghiem trong

* ve kte: dn ta ve co ban van la 1 nuoc nong nghiep lac hau, sx thu cong la chinh. Nan doi dau nam 45 chua khac phuc duoc. Ruong dat bi bo hoang. Cong nghiep dinh don. Chua kiem soat duoc tai chinh ngan hang, thien tai, lu lut lien tiep xay ra, NS NN thi trong rong. Hang hoa khan hiem, gia ca tang vot. Kho bac luc do chu co 1,2 tr dong, trong do qua nua la tien rach

* van hoa: hon 95% dan so mu chu, hu tuc lac hau cua che do cu de lai het suc nang ne, doi hoi chung ta nhanh chong khac phuc va cai thien

* thu trong giac ngoai:

- chua bao gio tren dat nuoc t alai phai duong dau voi nhieu ke thu nhu luc nay. Loi dung danh nghia cua quan dong minh, tu vi tuyen 16 tro ra 20 van quan tuong o at keo vao VN theo sau chung la bon phan dong nguoi viet trong 2 to chuc viet quoc (VN quoc dan dang), viet cach (VN cm dong minh hoi)

- tu vi tuyen 16 tro vao 1 van quan anh da mo duong cho phap tro lai tren dn ta luc do con khoang 6 van quan nhat dang cho giai phap

- theluc phan dong o mien nam cung noi day chong pha cm VN: cao dai, hoa hao. Cac the luc phan dong nay co the mau thuan voi nhau ve quyen loi nhung co chung md xoa bo cq cm

* doi ngoai va chinh quyen: sau khi VN doc lap chua co quoc gia nao cong nhan va dat mqh ngoai giao voi cp ta, khong nhung the can bo dieu hanh cq ko he co kinh nghiem ve qly hanh chinh, cq => dn ta dang bi bao vay 4 phia

Nhung kho khan chong chat ve moi mat cua dn non tre da dat dang ta vao tinh the kho khan “van menh dt nhu ngan can treo soi toc”

 

Cau 12: noi dung va y nghia ls cua ban chi thi “khang chien, kien quoc” (25/11/45)

Sau ngay tuyen bo doc lap cp lam thoi da neu ra nhung viec cap bach nham thuc hien 3 nhiem vu lon: diet giac doi, giac dot va giac ngoai xam

Ngay 25/11/45 BCHTW ra chi thi “khang  chien, kien quoc”

-chi thi xd tinh chat cua cm: cm o nuoc ta- cm dt gp

Cuoc cm ay chua hthanh vi cuoc ta chua htoan doc lap

-doi tuong cua k/c la td p, la ke thu chinh

- chi thi neu ra nhiem vu chu yeu cu and ca nuoc ta luc nay la: “cung co cq, chong td p xl, bai tru noi phan, cai thien ds cho nd” => do la 4 nhiem vu cap bach can gq

- nhung bien phap can phai thuc hien:

+ ctri: nhanh chong xd cq hop hien, hop phap, xd doan ket toan dan => xuc tien bau cu quoc hoi, lap hien phap

+ kte: nhanh chong khoi phuc sx, day manh tang gia, khai hoang phuc hoa

+ qsu: nhanh chong thanh lap doi quan chinh quy gianh cq, dong vien ll toan dan, kien tri khang chien, to chuc va lanh dao cuoc khang chien lau dai

+ doi ngoai: chu tuong them ban bot thu, thuc hien khau hieu “hoa viet  than thien” doi voi quan tuong, voi phap. Doc lap ve ctri va co the nhan nhuong ve kte

* y nghia: chi thi “kc kq” cua dang ra doi vao thoi diem cq con non tre, doi dau voi thu thach, nhung nd trong chi thi gop phan dinh ra phuong huong  chi dao chiem luoc va sach luoc cm khon kheo kip thoi gq kho khan cua dn, va dua cq vuot qua nhung thu thach de hthanh su menh ls dat ra

 

Cau 13: dang lanh dao thuc hien sach luoc hoa hoan, tranh thu thoi gian chuan bi luc luong thoi ky 1945-1946

* hoa voi tuong de danh phap o mien nam:

- ly do:

+ ko du kha nang doi choi voi nhieu ke thu

+ can thoi gian hoa binh de cung co dn va xd ll

+ quan tuong vao CN voi danh nghiep hop la quan dong minh ta ko the dung bao luc de chong lai

+ hoa de danh phap o mien nam

- kha nang de hoa hoan:

+ noi bo quan tuong mau thuan, ta triet de loi dung mau thuan nay

+ quan tuong dong nhung o hop, thuc luc co han

+ tuong truoc sau gi cung phai ve nuoc

- bien phap

+ctri: ta da dong y cung cap luong thuc thuc pham cho quan tuong. Dang ta tuyen bo giai tan nhung thuc chat la rut vao hd bi mat

Mo rong, cp cho tay sai cua tuong tham gia (70ghe)

Md cua tuong la tieu diet dang cs, pha cq, gay roi, pha hoai trat tu

=> ta chu truong tranh xung dot de thuc hien phuong cham them ban, bot thu

+ kte: ta chap nhan tieu tien mat gia cua tuong, cung cap luong thuc va cho an o cho quan tuong

=> y nghia: bang sach luoc kheo leo tad a dap tan am muu cua tuong tu do co thoi gian hoa binh va tap trung cho khang chien o mien nam

* hoa voi phap de duoi tuong ve nuoc

- 28/2/46 tuong va phap ky hiep uoc hoa phap tai trung khanh => dat VN vao su lua chon kho khan danh hay hoa? CT HCM va ban thuong vu TW dang da qd hcon gp hoa hoan, dan xep voi phap

- ky hiep dinh so bo 6/3/46 toa dam tien hanh thuong luong

+ ta dong y chop hap dua 1500 quan ra bac va rut dan trong vong 5 nam

+ phap cong nhan VN la 1 quoc gia tu do nhung co quan doi, nghi vien, cp, tai chinh rieng thuoc lien bang dong duong nam trong khoi lien hiep phap

+ hai ben tam ngung ban o mien nam de di den giai phap hoa binh lau dai cho dong duong

Sau khi ky hiep dinh 6/3 chung ta tiep tuc to chuc dam phan voi phap cung co nen doc lap dt v among muon co duoc thoi gian hoa binh de xd va ptrien dn, xd ll cm. Nhung truoc lap truong thuc dan ngoan co thu nguyen vong chinh dang cu and ta ko duoc dap ung. De keo dai thoi gian hoa binh va va chuan bi ll va de to ro thien chi truoc khi roi khoi phap, CT HCM da ky voi cp phap ban tam uoc (14/9/46) trong do nhan nhuong them ve quyen loi kte => ky vong hoa binh cua nd VN

Y nghia: qua viec hoa voi phap ta da kheo leo day hon 20 van quan tuong ve nuoc va them thoi gian hoa binh lau dai de xd dn, chuan bi ll cho khang chien

 

Cau 14: noi dung va y nghia duong loi khang chien chong td phap cua dang?

* noi dung

Duong loi khang chien cua dang duoc tao thanh tu 3 TP:

. loi keu goi toan quoc kc (1946)- HCM

. chi thi toan dan kc (22/12/46) ban thuong vu TW dang

. kc nhat dinh thang loi (1947) truong chinh

- duong loi xd cuoc kc mang tinh chat dt va dan chu kieu moi

- doi tuong kc la td phap va tay sai

- dang ta xd md cua cuoc kc: gianh dl htoan cho VN, thuc hien nguoi cay co ruong, hoan thanh nvu gp dt va buoc dau gay dung co so cho viec xd che do dan chu nhan dan

- nvu: danh duoi td p, xoa bo tan tich cua che do cu, tung buoc xd xh moi

- ty tuong chi dao: toan dan, toan dien, lau dai va dua vao suc minh la chinh

=> tu tuong duoc dua ra dua tren co so khoa hoc dang da nghien cuu

+ kc toan dan:

. do phap manh hon chung ta ve moi mat vi vay phai phat huy suc manh toan dan de co the thang duoc td phap

. xuat phat tu qdiem cua CN mac-lenin: cm la su nghiep cua quan chung nen kc nd thi cung do toan dan tien hanh

. ke thua truyen thong dtranh anh dung chon giac ngoai xam cua dt VN

TL: kc toan dan la toan the nd kc. Moi nguoi dan la 1 chien si

+ kc toan dien:

. do kc cua ta la kc toan dan nen phai to chuc tren nhieu mat trena de nhieu nguoi dan co the tham gia

. do dang y thuc ctranh xay ra luon la thu thach dvoi moi dt ko rieng VN

. do phap danh ta ve moi mat nen ta cung phai to chuc kc tren moi mat

TL: kc toan dien la kc tren moi mtran: ctri, qsu, doi ngoai va van hoa

+ kc lau dai:

Trong thoi gian dau phap hon ta ve nhieu mat nhu vu khi, qsu, trang thiet bi, tu duy qsu, ky nang chien dau phap deu hon ta => nen ta phai keo dai kc de han che diem manh cua phap va phat huy suc manh cua ta

=> co loi cho ta va bat loi cho phap. Kc lau dai ko phai la kc mai mai ma khi so sanh ll co su chenh lech ta phai chu dong dut diem kc

+ kc dua vao suc minh la chinh:

Do trong thoi gian dau kc VN bi co lap tren truong qte, chung ta ko the trong cho vao vient rob en ngoai ma phai phat huy noi luc. Sau nay khi co dk ca nuoc ban vien tro thi chung ta co the tiep nhan. Vi vay trong gd dau kc phai phat huy toi da suc manh dt

* y nghia: duong loi kc cua dang la su van dung sang tao CN mac-lenin va chien tranh nhan dan vao dk, hoan canh cu the VN tren co so ke thua truyen thong cua dt “chong giac ngoai xam”, trai qua thuc tien cua cuoc kc nay da cm duoc duong loi nay la hoan toan dung dan

 

Cau 15: Noi dung co ban chinh cuong cua dang lao dong VN (2/1951)

Chinh cuong dang ld VN la vna kien thu 3 trong 4 van kien chien luoc cua dang. Van kien nay duoc dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan 2 cua dang (2/1951) (tai Vinh quan- chiem hoa- TQ) thong qua

ND co ban cua chinh cuong:

- xd tinh chat xh VN (3t/c)

+ dan chu nhan dan: nhung vung tu do do ta lam chu

+ 1 phan thuoc dia: phap xam chiem

+ nua pk: pk moi mat di cq, CSHT,QHSX chua mat

=> cac t/c nay dang dtranh lan nhau

- mau thuan xh: dang ton tai mau thuan gay gat: giua nd ta va td phap (chu yeu), giua nd ld voi dia chu pk

=> ke thu cua cuoc kc la td p va can thiep cua de quoc my va tay sai

- Nvu cua cuoc kc (3nvu)

+ danh thang td p, gianh dl va thong nhat that su cho dt

+ xoa bo tan tich cua che do cu: pk, tb; thuc hien nguoi cay co ruong

+ ptrien che do dan chu nhan dan, xd co so cho CNXH

=> 3 nvu nay co mqh khang khit voi nhau, nvu chinh la gp dt

- LL CM: cong nhan, nong dan, tri thuc, ts dt, dia chu yeu nuoc trong do nong cot la lien minh cong nong tri

- dang xd cuoc cm la cuoc cm dt dc nd. Cuoc cm nay trai qua 3 gd:

+ hoan thanh gp dt

+ xoa bon hung di tich pk va nuc pk, thuc hien triet de nguoi cay co ruong, ptrien ky nghe, hoan chinh che do dc nd

+ xd co so cho CNXH, tien len thuc hien CNXH

Y nghia: chinh cuong dang ld vn da thuc hien su truong thanh vuot bac cua dang ve tu tuong, ctri. Chinh cuong trinh bay hoan chinh ve cm gp dt o 1 nuoc thuoc dia do DCS lanh dao do la 1 dong gop lon vao kho tang M-L

 

Cau 16: Khai quat dd tinh hinh nuoc ta sau khi hoa binh lap lai (1954) va nd duong loi cua cm vn trong gd moi?

* dd tinh hinh nuoc ta: tam thoi bi chia cat

- mien bac: da hoan toan duoc gp, nd mien bac da bat dau cong cuo kien thiet, khan truong khoi phuc sx, kte, han gan vet thuong ctranhv a tien hanh thuc hien cac nvu con lai cua cm dt dc nham tao tien de dua mien bac tung buoc qua do len CNXH

- mien nam: loi dung si that bai, kho khan cua phap, de quoc my da vao VN, bien mien nam thanh thuoc dia kieu moi cua my va can cu qsu cua my. Cq my da dung len cp Ngo dinh diem voi am muu chia cat lau dai dn ta

=> o VN dd lon nhat sau nam 1954 dn tam thoi chia cat lam 2 mien voi 2 che do ctri khac nhau

* nd duong loi cua CM VN trong gd moi:

Can cu vao tinh hinh cua dn ta tai DH DB toan quo clan thu 3 (9/60) cua dang da de ra duong loi chien luoc cm vn trong gd moi

Tren co so ptich tinh hinh dang dua ra qd tien hanh dong thoi 2 chien luoc cm:

+ day manh cm xhcn o mien bac

+ tien hanh cm dt, dc nd o mien nam, thuc hien thong nhat nuoc nha, hoan thanh doc lap va dc trong ca nuoc

=> dd sang tao, chua co 1 qgia nao lai tien hanh song song 2 cuoc cm

- dang xd vi tri, vtro, nvu cu the cua tung chien luoc cm o moi mien:

+ cm xhcn o mien bac giu vtro qd nhat dvoi su nghiep cm ca nuoc

+ cm dt dc nd o mien nam giu vtro qd truc tiep voi su nghiep gp o mien nam thong nhat nuoc nha

=> 2 cuoc cm nay co mqh chat che voi nhau va ho tro cho nhau tien toi muc tieu thong nhat

 

Cau 17: Ptich nd co ban ve duong loi cm vn o mien nam cua dang do HN lan thu 15 (1/59) de ra

T1/1959 HN BCHTW lan thu 15 thong qua NQ 15 ve duong loi cm mien nam trong do co 1 so nd nhu sau:

- NQ chi ro mau thuan co ban va chu yeu cua cm mien nam, ke thu truc tiep cua nd mien nam la dq my va tay sai

Am muu cua dq my la xl ca nuoc ta de lam thuoc dia va can cu qsu nham pha hoai ptrao doc lap dt va HB DC o dong duong. Mien nam da tro thanh thuoc dia keiu moi va can cu qsu cua dq my. XH mien nam ton tai 2 mau thuan co ban:

+ nd mien nam voi bon dq xl, chu yeu la dq my

+ nd mien nam, truoc het la nong dan voi g/c dia chu pk

Trong do mau thuan chu yeu la mau thuan giua dt ta, nd ta o mien nam voi bon dq my xl cung tap doan thong tri ngo dinh diem, tay said q my, dai dien cho bon dia chu pk va ts mai ban than my phan dong nhat

- NQ 15 da xd cm mien nam la phai dtranh danh duoi dq my, lat do cq tay sai ngo dinh diem, gianh chinh quyen ve nd. Trong do:

+ nvu truoc mat: la doan ket toan dan, kien quyet dtranh chong dq my xl va gay ctranh, danh do tap doan thong tri doc tai NDD, tay sai dq my, thanh lap cq lien hiepdt dc mien nam, thuc hien dl dt va cac quyen tu do dc, cai thien ds cua nd, giu vung hoa binh, thuc hien thong nhat nuoc nha tren co so dl va dc, tich cuc gop phan bao ve hoa binh o dong nam a va the gioi

+ nvu co ban: la gp mien nam khoi ach thong tri cua dq va pk, tay sai , thuc hien dl dt va nguoi cay co ruong, hthanh cm dt, dc nd o m ien nam, xd nuoc VN hoa binh, thong nhat, dl, dc va giau manh

- NQ 15 xd ll cm o mien nam la g/c CN, nong dan va tang lop tieu ts, lay lien minh cong nong lam co so. LL lanh dao cm la g/c CN. Mien bac xhcn la can cu dia vung chac cua ptrao cm mien nam

- xd pp cm: NQ da nhan manh da den luc nd mien nam phai dung len k/n vu trang de gianh cq ve tay minh. Dua dtranh vu trang song song voi dtranh ctri nham phat huy suc manh cua quan chung. Voi mot ke thu hung manh nhu vay, de danh duoi chung thi nhat thiet phai sd bao luc

- NQ xd chong my cuu nuoc tien toi thong nhat dn co the dien ra lau dai nhung phai thanh cong

My la 1 de quoc hung manh hon ta ve nhieu mat: ll, vu khi, trang thiet bi qsu…do vay de danh thang duoc chung la ko phai de dang ma chung ta phai thuc hien 1 cuoc kc turong ky, gian kho. Tuy nhien chung ta thuc hien  1 cuoc ctranh chinh nghia bao ve tu do, dl dt, xoa boa p buc boc lot => do vay nhat dinh se hoan toan thang loi

- can xd dang bo mien nam tro thanh 1 dang bo vung manh va co tinh dl tuong doi so voi dang bo khu I, II, III, IV

Cuoc kc muon gianh duoc thang loin hat dinh phai co su lanh dao ve duong loi, do vay dangbo mien nam phai that su vung manh, ko ngung nang cao nang luc lanh dao doi voi su nghiep cm mien nam, dam bao su doan ket nhat tri trong dang, nam vung phuong cham hd bi mat, tang cuong mqh khang khit giua dang va quan chung. Dang bo hd dl tung doi voi cac dang bo khac, dang bo mien nam truc tiep lanh dao cm mien nam => nam bat tinh hinh, co nhung chi thi chuyen huong cm phu hop tinh hinh thuc ten ham chop thoi co gianh thang loi

TL: NQ 15 ra doi trong hoan canh ls phu hop, dap ung nguyen vong cua nd 2 mien, dong htoi dua cm mien nam vao gd moi

NQ 15 da chung to dl tu chu cua dang ta trong tinh hinh tg co nhieu dien bien phuc tap

 

Cau 18: trinh bay thanh qua cua su nghiep xd mien bac trong thoi ki 1954-1975 va vtro cua mien bac dvoi thang loi cua su nghiep chong my cuu nuoc? (Tong ket 21 nam)

* thanh tuu

- xd duoc co so ban dau cua 1 so nganh CN nang qtrong, nhieu cong trinh lon duoc xd: gang thep thai nguyen, hoa chat viet tri…

- ve nong nghiep, cai tao 1 cach rong lon, tien hanh khai hoang phuc hoa 1 dien tich o mien bac. Nhieu tien bo KHKT ap dung vao sx, nang suat vat nuoi cay trong tang 2-3 lan.

- Tieu thu CN, phan phoi lthong: xd xh dc do nd ld lam chu. O do ko con tinh trang nguoi boc lot nguoi

- VH ds: 1975 dao tao duoc hon 43 van can bo tri thuc trinh do cao, nhieu truong hoc duoc xd. Doi ngu y ta, bac si ngay cang tang, so luong y ta, bac si/dau dan xap xi cac nuoc trong khu vuc

• han che: 1 so chuong trinh kte chua dem lai hieu qua tuong xung voi von dau tu bo ra

NS ld thap, ty le chua qua dao tao cao

Ds cua dong bao vung sau, vung xa con kho khan

* Vtro cua mien bac

- qua nhung nam cai tao va xd, mien bac da tro thanh can cu dia cm cho ca nuoc, voi che do ctri uu viet, voi ll  kte quoc phong vung manh. Do la co so vung chac de dang va nd ta cung co va nang cao qtam chien dau chong dq my xl.

- Mien bac truc tiep chien dau chong ctranh pha hoai, gop phan truc tiep danh bai chien luoc chien tranh cuc b ova VN hoa ctranh cua dq my

- trong 2 cuoc ctranh pha hoai, dq my tap trung pha hoai tiem luc cua mien bac. Quan dan mien bac da tien hanh cuoc chien tranh nd, vua chien dau vua ld sx va da gianh duoc nhung thang loi lon: dam bao chi vien cho tien tuyen, giu vung hau phuong chien luoc, lan luot danh bai cac buoc leo thang cua dich ma dinh cao la danh thang cuoc tap kich duong ko chien luoc bang B52 vao HN, HP cuoi thang 12/1972, buoc my phai ky hiep dinh Pari

- trong ctranh ac liet, mien bac van duoc xd cung co vung chac. Voi khau hieu “thoc ko thieu 1 can, quan ko thieu 1 nguoi”, “tat ca cho tien tuyen” mien bac da doc ca suc nguoi, suc cua cho mien nam va lam tron nghia vu qte

TL: mien bac XHCN da hoan thanh xuat sac vtro “quyet dinh nhat” dvoi cuoc kc chong my cuu nuoc. Mien bac vua la hau phuong lon chi vien toi da cho mien nam. Mien bac cung la tran tuyen lon danh bai am muu trong  chien tranh pha hoai, gop phan cung nd mien nam gianh thang loi

 

Cau 19: DD tinh hinh nuoc ta sau nam 1975 va nhung noi dung co ban cua duong loi chung va duong loi kte do DH IV(12/1976) xd?

* dd tinh hinh nuoc ta sau nam 1975

- sau t4/1945 cong cu kc cuu nuoc hoan toan thang loi, dn buoc vao thoi ki moi voi nhieu thuan loi va kho khan dan xen voi nhau

- Kho khan:

+ dn ta thoat khoi ctranh nen hau qua de lai la vo cung nang ne

. hang trieu nguoi hi sinh va bi tan tat

. cac cong trinh cau cang, kho tang gan nhu bi pha huy

. bom dan, chat doc da cam gay anh huong nang ne den ds con nguoi

. hau qua cua che do thuc dan kieu moi de lai nang ne, ca vet u tuong ctri, kte, van hoa, xh

+ dn ta di len xd cnxh tu xuat phat diem kte con thap: nong nghiep tho so, lac hau; sx thu cong la chu yeu, tay nghe chua cao, CN, thuong nghiep chua ptrien, kHKT con nhieu yeu kem

+ dn ta vua moi ra khoi cuoc chien da phai duong dau voi 2 cuoc chien tranh bien gioi

. bien gioi tay nam (campuchia)

. phiabac (trung quoc)

+ khi chung tax d cnxh thi ca nuoc xhcn lai bat dau co nhung bieu hien khung hoang nen da lam thu hep thu truong va hang hoa VN. Trong do cac the luc thu dich, phan cm (nguy quyen SG), dq my ko ngung bao vay, co lap, cam van ve kte, chong pha cong viec xd cnxh cua nuoc ta

- thuan loi:

+ sau ctranh chung ta co thoi gian hoa binh tuong doi nen co the tap trung suc luc cua toan dan de dau tu cho ptrien kte

+ sau chien thang nd rat tin tuong, phan khoi bat tay vao xd cnxh

+ dn ta von co nguon tai nguyen phong phu, doi dao suc ld, nd co truyen thong ld can cu, thong minh sang tao, co co so ha tang duoc xd o mien bac va ke thua duoc o mien nam: cau dong nai, sa lo bien hoa

+ kinh nghiem qua 21 nam xd cnxh o mien bac

+ dn duoc thong nhat ve 1 moi, non song quy ve 1 dai tao dk thong thuong hang hoa

+ vi the cua VN tren truong qte duoc nang cao, tiep tuc nhan duoc su giup do cua cac nuoc xhcn va cac qgia tien bo, ra nhap hoi dong tuong tro kte SEV

* noi dung co ban cua duong loi chung va duong loi kte do DH IV xd:

- DH dai bieu lan thu 4 hop tu 14-20/12/1976 tai thu do HN

- DH da qd doi ten dang ld vn thanh DCS VN

Bau ra tong bi thu: D/c Le duan

DH da thong qua duong loi cm xhcn va duong loi ve xd kte

- duong loi chung ve xd cnxh tren ca nuoc

+ dang ta xd dieu kien tien quyet de thuc hien thang loi trong qtrinh xd CNXH la nam vung chuyen chinh vo san, phat huy quyen lam chu cua nd

Thuc hien 3 cuoc cm

. cm ve QHSX

. cm KHKT (nvu then chot- CNHla nvu ttam cua thoi ki)

. cm tu tuong va van hoa

+ xd cnxh nham thuc hien 4 muc tieu lon la:

. xd cnxh do dan lam chu

. xd 1 nen sx lon xhcn

. xd nen van hoa moi xhcn

. xd con nguoi moi xhcn

+ thuc hien xua bo triet de tinh trang nguoi boc lot nguoi, xoa bo ngheo nan, lac hau

+ tiep tuc xd va cung co quoc phong vung chac, giu gin an ninh ctri va trat tu xh

+ cm VN tich cuc tham gia dong gop vao su nghiep cm the gioi

+ muc tieu lon nhat duoc de ra la xd thanh cong cnxh o vn 1 to quoc doc lap, hoa binh va thong nhat

- Duong loi xd kte:

+ ta kd phai thuc hien day manh CNH XHCN, xd CSVC-KT cua xhcn, dua nuoc ta tu 1 nen sx nho len 1 nen sx lon, 1 co cau co cong nong nghiep hien dai

+ con duong de thuc hien CNH la uu tien ptrien CN nang 1 cach hop ly tren co so ptrien nong nghiep va cong nghiep nhe

+ xd cac mqh ve kte nhu vua ptrien kte TW nhung dong thoi phai ptrien kte dia phuong trong 1 co cau kte quoc dan thong nhat, vua ptrien LLSX nhung phai hoan thien QHSX

+ ptrien kte phai di doi voi cung co quoc phong, an ninh

+ tang cuong trao doi hop tac voi cac nuoc ngoai xhcn tren co so ko can thiep vao cong viec noi bo cua nhaum ton trong doc lap chu quyen, toan ven lanh tho va cac ben deu co loi. Dong thoi tiep tuc tang cuong kop tac voi cac nuoc xhcn.

 

Cau 20: ND CNH XHCN trong chang duong dau cua thoi ki qua do duoc xd tai DH V? Ptich qhe giua nd CNH duoc xd tai DH V voi noi dung CNH duoc xd tai DH IV?

* noi dung CNH XHCN trong thoi ki dau cua thoi ki qua do duoc xd tai DH V (T3/82)

- cnh xhcn la mot tat yeu khach quan trong su nghiep xd xhcn o nuoc tan ham xd co so vc-kt va tao nen tang vung chac cho xhcn. CNH la trong tam cua thoi ki qua do

- khang dinh, xd nen kte nong nghiep lon xhcn, can tap trung ptrienmanh nong nghiep va coi nong ghiep la mtran hang dau, dua nong gnhiep nuc len nen sx lon xhcn, chu trong ptrien CN nhe va cnsx hang tieu dung phuc  vu ds nd, xd 1 so nganh vn nang qtrong

* Ptich qhe giua nd cnh tai DH IV ( T12/76) va DH V (T2/82)

Sau DH IV cua dang ta va qtrinh thuc hien noi dung cua dai hoi, chung tad a thu hai duoc nhieu thanh tuu tuy nhien do 1 so nhan thuc chua thuc su dung dan tu DH IV, dang van ha nuoc tad a rut ra 1 so han che nhat dinh

DH IV chua tong ket duoc kinh nghiem xd cnxh o mien bac, chua nhan manh vie buc thiet phai lam sau chien tranh la khac phuc hau qua ctranhm db la chua xd duoc chang duong dtien tien len cn xh, nong voi, “ta khuynh” trong viec xd, cai tao xhcn o 1 nuoc von la nuoc nong nghiep lac hau trai qua may chuc nam ctranh, dn bi tan pha nang ne

Do nhung hanche neu tren cua DH IV ma dan toi chu truong uu tien ptrien CN nagn trong khi dn ta co xuat phat diem thap, ngheo nan, lac hau, ctranh tan pha nang ne, hau het cac cong trinh, nha may, xi nghiep, nha xuong bi pha huy, KH KT CN cham ptrien, moi tien de de chung ta ptrien CN nang la ko co, trong khi do chung ta dang bi de doa do thieu luong thuc, thuc pham va hang tieu dung tram trong, ds nd dang gap nhieu kho khan

=> thuc hien uu tien ptrien CN nang trong thoi gian nay la ko hop ly

Nhan thuc duoc nhung sai lam mac phai tai DH IV => dang va nha nuoc ta da kip thoi sua chua dieu chinh lai phuong huong xd cnxh hien dai hoa o VN trong thoi ki dua coi trong nong nghiep la mtran hang dau, chu trong ptrien CN nhe va CNSX hang tieu dung => voi tinh hinh nuoc ta luc bay gio + kinh nghiem sx nong nghiep lau doi va nhung con nguoi  xhcn hang hai sx, can cu, chiu kho khi chu trong ptrien nong nghiep la con duong hoan toan dung dan va phu hop

=> dang va nha nuoc ta da sang suot nam bat tinh hinh thuc te cua dn va co nhung phuong huong dieu chinh phu hop => hinh thanh vai tro lanh dao cua minh

 

Cau 21: nhung dd tinh hinh trong nuoc va the gioi khi dang ta tien hanh DH DB toan quoc lan thu 6? Qua do lam ro doi  moi la xu the cua thoi dai va doi hoi buc thiet cua dn ta tu thap ky 80 cua tk 20?

Vao nhung nam 80 cua tk 20 VN dung truoc 1 thach thuc moi cua thoi dai, ko chi tinh hinh trong nuoc thay doi ma tren the gioi cung co nhung su kien anh huong truc tiep va manh me den moi mat cua VN=> qtrinh xd CNH CNXH o nuoc ta dung truoc 1 thach thuc moi voi muon van kho khan => buoc VN phai co nhung phuong huong csach  moi phu hop  voi xu the chung

Boi canh ls: tinh hinh the gioi co su bien doi anh huong den VN

- cac nuoc xhcn tren the gioi da so deu dang roi vao tinh trang khung hoang nen ho da tien hanh nhieu cs doi moi cai to dua dn ra khoi khung hoang, su khung hoang nay gap nhieu bat loi cho cm VN

- cuoc  chay dua vu trang da len toi dinh diem anh huong den su ton vong cua nhan loai buoc nguoi ta phai chuyen mau thuan do tu xu the doi dau sang doi thoai, do cung la xu huong chung cua dn ta

- tren TG da xuat hien nhung van de toan cau doi hoi nhieu quoc gia phoi hop cung giai quyet nhu o nhiem moi truong, benh hiem ngheo..

KL: boi canh the gioi vao cuoi nam 80 co nhieu thay doi => dat  ra yeu cau VN thay doi chinh sach doi ngoai de hoi nhap sau hon voi TG

Trong nuoc: tinh hinh kte xh co nhieu bat on, ds nd gap nhieu kho khan=> yeu cau dieu chinh chinh sach dua dn ra khoi khung hoang

Trong nuoc va 1 so dia phuong da thu nghiem 1 so chinh sach mang mau sac doi moi ma tren thuc te no da chugn minh duoc nhu khoan chiu o vinh phuc, hai phong=> cung co long tin vao thang loi cua cong cuoc doi moi

+ VN trong thoi diem nay dang bi bao vay va co lap boi cndq va the luc thu dich. An ninh quoc phong chu quyen lanh tho tren tuyen bien gioi phia bac va quan dao truong xa cua nuoc ta luon bi xam pham, My van cam van ve kte, mqh giua lien xo va cac nuoc dong au voi nuoc ta bi thu hep => yeu cau thay doi cs doi ngoai de pha vo the bao vay co lap do

Xu the van dong cua the gioi va tinh hinh bien dong o VN nhung nam 80 the ky 20 da dat ra yeu cau moi la tat yeu khach quan

 

Cau 22: ptich nd co ban cua duong loi doi moi tren linh vuc kte duoc xd tai DH IV?

DH IV da thong qua duong loi doi moi ve kte

Dang ta xd phai ra soat lai ve cac chinh sach kte truoc day, danh gia dung thuc trang nen  kte nuoc ta=> dieu chinh cac cs cho phu hop

Tu tuog chi dao cua qtrinh doi moi kte phai giai phong moi nang luc sx cua nen kte, phai khai thac het tiem nang cua dn, phai sd co hieu qua nguon vien tro, su giup do cua qte nham tiep tuc xd cung co QHSX va thuc day su ptrien cua QHSX

Xd 5 cs ve kte:

- phai dieu chinh lai co cau dau tu, bo tri lai co cau sx, phan dau thuc hien thang loi 3 ctrinh muc tieu: luong thuc thuc pham, hang tieu dung va hang xuat khau. Day la su cu the hoa noi dung chinh cua CNH XHCN trong chang duong dau tien cua thoi ki qua do

- xd va cung co mqh sx xhcn, sd va cai tao dung dan cac thanh phan kte, hinh thanh quy mo va trinh do kte thich hop nham khai thac moi tiem nang tao ra sp doi dao, phat huy nguon von, giai quyet cong an viec lam cho nguoi ld, thuc day gtri canh tranh cua nen kte, cac thanh phan kte lien ket voi nhau trog kte quoc doanh giu vtro chu dao

- doi moi ve co che qly kte: phuong huong doi moi la dut khoat xoa bo co che qly tap trung quan lieu bao cap, xd co che moi phu hop voi quy luat khach quan va trinh do ptrien cua nen kte. Thuc chat cua co che moi ve qly kte la co che ke hoach hoa theo phuong thuc hach toan kinh doanh xhcn dung ngtac tap trung dan chu

- phat huy manh me dong luc cua kh kt: kh kt da dat o vi tri then chot trong cm do vay phai lam cho kh kt that su tro thanh dong luc manh me thuc day qtrinh ptrien kte xh dn.

- mo rong va nang cao hieu qua cua kte doi ngoai: ko ngung mo rong va htac toan dien voi Lien xo va cac nuoc xhcn, binh thuong hoa qhe voi TQ. Dvoi Lao va campuchia chu trong ptrien qhe htac kte nham phat huy kha nang cua moi nuoc va bo sung cho nhau. Trong cong tac kte doi ngoai khau qtrong nhat la day manh XNK, tich cuc ptrien qhe kte va kh kt voi cac nuoc khac voi cac to chuc qte va tu nhan nuoc ngoai tren ngtac binh dang cung co loi

=> KL: duong loi doi moi kte noi rieng va duong loi doi moi toan dien noi chugn cua dang tai DH IV mo duong cho dn thoat khoi cuoc khung hoang kte xh va tiep tuc di len cnxh

 

Cau 23: danh gia tong quat dn sau 10 nam thuc hien duong loi moi cua dang

Dai hoi VIII da danh gia tong quat sau 10 doi moi neu ra 5 nhan dinh rat co ban

1. Cong cuoc doi moi 10 nam qua da thu duoc nhung thanh tuu to lon co y nghia qtrong

- day nhanh nhip do ptrien kte, hthanh vuot muc nhieu chi tieu

- tao duoc 1 so chuyen bien tich cuc ve mat xh

- giu vung on dinh ctri, cung co quoc phong an ninh, tao lap mtruong hoa binh va dieu kien thuan loi cho cong cuoc doi moi

- thuc hien co ket qua 1 so doi moi qtrong ve hthong ctri

- ptrien manh me qhe doi ngoai, pha the bi bao vay cam van, tham gia tich cuc vao doi song cong dong qte

2. Nuoc ta da thoat khoi khung hoang kte xh nhung 1 so mat van chua vung chac

- nhan dinh nay duoc dua ra tren co so ptich danh gia thanh tuu khuyet diem va yeu kem. Tuy con nhieu ton tai va yeu kem nuoc ta con ngheo, kem ptrien, tinh hinh xh con nhieu tieu cuc nhieu van de can giai quyet. Viec xd QHXS co phan vua lung tung vua buong long, qly nha nuoc ve kte xh con yeu, hthong ctri con nhieu nhuoc diem. Nhung den nay the luc cua dn ta da co su thay doi ve chat, nuoc ta da thoat khoi khung hoang kte xh

3. Con duong di len cnxh ngay cang duoc xd ro hon

DH VI cua dang da de ra nhugn duong loi doi moi toan dien truoc het la ptrien kte hang hoa nhieu thanh phan, thuc hien co che thi truong theo dinh huong xhcn, gp moi tiem nang sx dua dn tien len. Voi viec thong qua cuong linh xd dn trong thoi ki qua do len cnxh va chien luoc ptrien kt xh den nam 2000. DH VII cua dang la buoc bo sung ptrien duong loi doi moi cua DH VI, DH VII da neu ra 6 dac trung cua che do xhcn o VN. Ket qua thuc hienNQ DH VII voi nhung thang loi to lon tren nhieu linh vuc da lam ro hon mo hinh xd cnxh o nuoc ta

O DH VIII thong qua 10 nam tong ket doi moi, dang ta ko chi xd ro honquan niem ve cnxh va con duong di len cnxh ma con lam sang to nhugn net co ban cua mo hinh cnxh o nuoc ta trong thoi ki qua do

4. nhiem vu de ra cho chang duong dau cua thoi ki qua do la chuan bi tien de cho CNH ve co ban da hthanh cho phep chuyen sang 1 thoi ki moi day manh CNH HDH dn

10 nam no luc phan dau, nd tada tao nen nhugn doi moi kte qtrong: ds nd duoc cai thien, nen kt co tich luy, lam phat duoc kiem che, can doi ngan sach ctri on dinh, qhe kt doi ngoai mo rong

Do la nhugn tien de va dk thuan loi dang ke cho ta chuyen sang thoi ki moi day manh CNH HDH dn

5. xet tren tong the, viec hoach dinh va thuc hien duong loi doi moi nhung nam qua ve co ban la dung dan, dung dinh huong cnxh, tuy trong qtrinh thuc hien co 1 so khuyet diem lech lac va keo dai dan den chech huong o linh vuc nay hay linh vuc khac, o muc do nay hay muc do khac

Su chech huong thuc hien o 1 so cach nghi cach lam trai voi ly tuong cua dang voi con duong doc lap dt va cnxh chech huong con thuc hien o su mo ho chu quan mat canh giac truoc am muu thu doan chong pha cua the luc thu dich, buong long su lanh dao, xd qhxd moi de chon an tham nhung buon lau, lang phi cua cong dien ra nghiem trong va keo dai, te nan xh ptrien. Neu ko khac phuc kip thoi va co hieu qua thi nhung tieu cuc yeu kem do se lam suy yeu dang, lam mot ruong bo may nha nuoc, bien chat che do dua dn di chech huong con duong xhcn

 

Cau 24: noi dung co ban cua cuong linh xd dn trong thoi ki qua do len cnxh t6/1991

Thoi gian va dia diem: t6/1991 tai thu do HN, DH DB toan quo clan thu 7 hop

DH da ptich tinh hinh the gioi va VNt, tu do neu ra ke hoach 5 nam 91-95 va chien luoc ptrien kte 10 nam 91-2000. DH da khang dinh thoi ki qua do cua nuoc ta phai trai qua nhieu chang duong khac, chang duong dau tien la chuan bi cho CNH, du kien hthanh nam 2000, phan dau nam 2000 dua nuoc tar a khoi tinh trang khung hoang 1 nuoc ngheo kem ptrien. DH da thong qua cuong linh xd cnxh 5 noi dung

1. Tong ket ls dau tranh cm VN duoi su lanh dao cua dang, trong do khang dinh nd ta da gianh duoc 3 thang loi lon va 5 bai hoc kinh nghiem do la:

+ su lanh dao dung dan cua dang la nhan to hang dau db thang loi cm VN

+ nam vung va giuong cao ngon co dl dt va cnxh

+ cm la su nghiep cua dan do dan vi dan

+ ko ngung cung co tang cuong khoi dai doan ket dt

+ ke hoach su menh dt voi su menh thoi dai, su menh trong nuoc voi su menh quoc te

2. Cuong linh da hoach dinh nhung cs co ban ve moi mat kt ctri van hoa ngoai giao

3. Cuong linh da khang dinh vtro lanh dao cua dang trong he thong ctri o VN, hoach dinh 1 cach tong the va xd hthong ctri o VN trong thoi ki doi moi

+ toan bo he thong ctri trong gd moi => xd va tung buoc hthanh nen dan chu xhcn, dam bao quyen loi thuoc ve nd, dan chug an lien voi cong bang xh di doi voi ky luat ky cuong duoc the che hoa bang phap luat va duoc phap luat dam bao

+ trong he thong ctri dang CSVN la bo phan, la to chuc lanh dao he thong do, DCS VN la doi tien phong cua g/c CN, dai bieu trung thanh loi ich cua g/c CN, nd ld va ca dt. Dang lien he mat thiet voi nd, chiu su dam sat cu and, hd trong khuon kho hien phap va phap luat

4. Cuong linh xd 6 dac trung cua xh xhcn

+ do nd ld lam chu

+ xh co nen kt ptrien cao dua tren llsx hien dai va che do cong huu ve cac TLSX chu yeu

+ co nen van hoa tien tien dam da ban sac dt

+ con nguoi duoc gp khoi ap buc boc lot, bat cong, lam theo nang luc, huong theo ld, co cuoc song am no tu do hanh phuc, co dk ptrien toan dien ca nhan

+ Binh dang xh: cac dt trong nuoc binh dang, doan ket, giup do lan nhau cung tien bo

+ ngoai giao: co qhe huu nghi hop tac voi nd tat ca cac nuoc tren the gioi

5. cuong linh vach ra 7 phuong huong co ban chi dao qtrinh xd va bao ve to quoc, muc tieu tong quat phai dat toi khi kthuc thoi ki qua do la xd xong ve co ban co so kte cua cnxh voi kte thi truong, ctri, tu tuong, van hoa phu hop lam cho nuoc ta tro thanh 1 nuoc xhcn phon vinh

Cuong linh xd: qua do len cnxh o nuoc ta la 1 qtrinh lau dai trai qua nhieu chang duong, muc tieu cua chang duong dau la thong qua doi  moi toan dien xh dat toi trang thai on dinh, vung chac, tao the ptrien o nhung chang duong sau

7 phuong huong:

- xd nha nuoc xhcn, nha nuoc cua dan do dan vi dan

- ptrien llsx CNH dn theo huong hien dai, ptrien nen CN hien dai

- thiet lap QHSX tu thap toi cao da dang ve hthuc so huu va phu hop voi su ptrien vua LLSX

- tienhanh cm xhcn tren linhvuc tu tuong van hoa

- thuc hien chinhsach dai doan ket cac dt

- xd CNXH va bao ve to quoc la 2 nhiem vu chien luoc cua cach mang viet nam

- xd dang trong sach vung manh

 

Cau 25: ptich noi dung bai hoc “nam vung va giuong cao ngon co doc lap dt cnxh”

1. co so ly luan

Day la bai hoc qtrong ma dang ta giai quyet dung dan sang tao phu hop voi dk khach quan cua thoi dai ve mqh: van de dt g/c, con duong gp dt, gp g/c

* CN M_L ve duong loi doc lap dt va cnxh

L cho rang khi CNTB chuyen sang CNDQ xl cac nuoc khac bien thanh thuoc dia cua no thi ptrao dtranh gp dt cua nd thuoc dia tro thanh mot bo phan cua cm vs. Do do muon di den thang loi triet de, ptrao gp dt phai di theo con duong cm vs, doc lap dt gan lien voi cnxh, cncs

* tu tuong HCM:

HCM cho rang: muon cuu nuoc va gp dt ko co con duong nao khac ngoai con duong cmvs, chi co cnxh, cncs moi gp duoc cac dt bi ap buc va nhung nguoi ld tren the  gioi khoi ach  no le. Nguoi con  cho rang cm gp dt o thuoc dia ko le thuoc vao cmvs o chinh quoc ma co tinh doc lap, co the thang loi truoc cm o chinh quoc

* qniem cua dang: ngay tu khi moi thanh lap dang da nhan manh doc lap dt gan lien voi cnxh, dang chi ro doc lap dt la dk tien quyet thuc hien cnxh va cnxh la co so dam bao vung chac cho doc lap dt. Xd cnxh bao ve to quoc la 2 nvu chien luoc co mqh huu co voi nhau

KL: viec ket hop nam vung va giuong cao 2 ngon co ban chat cua no la phat huy suc manh dt va uu viet cua cnxh de tao ra 1 suc manh tong hop dua cm VN den thang loi

2. Co so thuc tien

The gioi truoc khi co cnxh thi cntb ma hien than la cndq da tien hanh xl thuoc dia xoa bo nen doc lap dc cac nuoc

Sau cm t10 nga 1917 thi cnxh da xhien va de cao ung ho van de doc lap trongmoi quoc gia,

Cs tien bo cua cac nuoc xhcn da thay doi rat nhieu dan den qtrinh gianh doc lap dt o chau my la tinh va chau a

Ban chat cua cntb ko thay doi

* O VN

Tu 1930-45 nvu cua chung ta la gp dt khoi ap buc boc lot cua tdp xl va de quoc nhat. Trong gd nay yeu cau doc lap dt tro nen buc thiet nhat, la nuoc di tat yeu de tien len cnxh, con cnxh la de cho ta vuon toi trong tuong lai nhung no la su menh co anh huong den cm gp dt. Thang loi ruc ro cua cm t8 1945 da khang dinh duoc suc manh to lon lam chan dong ca dia cau cua con nguoi viet nam nho be

Tu 45-55 muc tieu dtranh chong tdp va su can thiep cua my, bao ve thanh qua cua cm t8, giuong cao ngon co doc lap dt va cnxh duoc dang thuc hien qua duong loi ke hoach khach chien voi kien quoc, giai quyet dung dan mqh giua 3 nvu chien luoc chong de quoc, chong pk va buoc dau xd chu quyen gay mam mong cho cnxh, tao suc manh to lon cho dt ta, dua kc den thang loi

Tu 54-75 bai hoc do duoc thuc hien trong duong loi tien hanh dong thoi va ket hop chat che 2 chien luoc cm khac o 2 mien: cm xhcn o mien bac va cm dt dc o mien nam nham thuc hien mtieu chung la hthanh cm dt dc, gp mien nam thong nhat dn. Nho co duong loi doc lap tu chu sang tao cua dang da huy dong duoc toi da suc manh cua 2 mien, suc manh ca nuoc, suc manh cua thoi dai du suc danh thang de quoc my.

Tu 75- nay khi ca nuoc da gianh doc lap thong nhat, ca nuoc di len cnxh, dang da de ran hung duong loi ke hoach chat che 2 nvu chien luoc xd cnxh va bao ve to quoc, duong loi do da cung co giu vung doc lap, tao dk de xd cnxh, tao ra co so vat chat tinh than de bao ve vung chac to quoc. Khi tinh hinh qte co nhung chuyen bien moi, hthong cnxh lam vao khung hoang, sup so. Bai hoc giuong cao ngon co doc lap dt va cnxh duoc dang thuc hien trong duong loi doi moi chuyen sang nen kte hang hoa nhieu thanh phan van hanh theo co che thi truong voi su qly cua nha nuoc theo dinh huong cnxh, thuc hien da phuong hoa, da dang hoa qhe qte, xd nen kt doc lap tu chu, phat huy noi luc, tranh thu toi da nguon luc ben ngoai, mo rong giao luu van hoa, giu vung ban sac dt. Nho vay dang da lanh dao nd ta gianh duoc nhieu thanh tuu moi trong cong cuoc bao ve dn VN thong nhat, vuot qua khung hoang kinh te van hoa, chuyen sang thoi ki day manh CNH HDH dinh huong xhcn, xd 1 dn VN giau manh, dan giau nuoc manh xh cong bang dan chu van minh

=> day la bai hoc co tinh chat bao trum, la soi chi do xuyen suot duong loi cm VN tu khi co dang, la noi dung cot loi trong tu tuong ctri HCM. Nho nam vung duong loi nay ma dang da phat huy duoc suc manh tong hop ca nuoc trong chien dau xd bao ve to quoc. Do chinh la duong loi, la nguon goc cua suc manh, la nguyen nhan cua moi thang loi cua cm VN

Toan dang toan dan tiep tuc nam vung ngon co doc lap dt va cnxh, ngon co vinh quang ma chu tich HCM da giuong cao va trao lai cho the he hom nay va mai sau

 

Cau 2: Su phan hoa cua cac g/c trong xh VN thuoc dia nua pk va thai do ctri cua cac g/c trong xh

- Sau 2 cuoc khai thac thuoc dia voi cs cai tri cua P xh VN bi phan hoa sau sac, ben canh g/c cu con hthanh nhung g/c moi

- cac g/c chinh trong xh:

+ dia chu pk:

. phan dong

. yeu nuoc

+ TS:

. mai ban

. dan toc

+ nong dan

+ tieu tu san

+ cong nhan

* dd va thai do ctri cua tung giai cap:

1. dia chu pk: phan hoa thanh 2 bo phan:

- dia chu pk phan dong: day la g/c duoc nguoi P nuoi duong de tiep tay choc s cai tri, boc lot cua nguoi P. Quyen loi cua chung gan lien voi qtrinh khai thac thuoc dia cua P

Chung chong lai nd, chong pha cm => la ke thu cua cm => loai bo

- dia chu yeu nuoc: la nhung nguoi mat di rat nhieu quyen loi khi P vao VN. Ho von sinh ra va lon len trong 1 qgia dt co truyen thong yeu nuoc chong ngoai xam, lai bi chinh sach thong tri tan bao ve ctri, chen ep ve kte => ko chiu duoc noi nhuc mat nuoc, mau thuan voi p ve quyen loi dt va de lay lai dia vi va quyen loi truoc day ho da tham gia chong thuc dan va bon phan dong tay sai => bo phan nay ung ho cm

2. G/c nong dan

- so luong dong dao hon 95% dan so

- ho bi de quoc, pk, dia chu va ts ap buc, boc lot rat nang ne, ruong dat bi bon ts thuc dan chiem doat => khao khat co ruong dat

=> ho bi ban cung hoa, trong tay ho hau nhu ko co TLSX

Nong dan VN la nhung nguoi rat yeu nuoc, co truyen thong dtranh kien cuong bat khuat nhung ko co tu tuong rieng => can co 1 tang lop g/c khac dan dat ho lam cm. G/c nong dank hi duoc to chuc la va co su lanh dao cua 1 doi tien phong cm se phat huy vai tro cuc ky qtrong cua minh trong su nghiep dtranh vi dlap dt => nong dan VN se la ll cm qtrong, 1 dong luc cm manh me de gianh chinh quyen sau nay

3. G/c TS

Duoc hthanh trong qtrinh khai thac thuoc dia cua tdp. G/c ts o VN bi chen ep, canh tranh rat gay gat, so luong ko nhieu, tiem luc kinh te yeu duoi, chua co tiem luc ctri, phan hoa thanh 2 bo phan:

- TS mai ban: la nhung nguoi ts lon hop tac voi de quoc bao thau nhung cong trinh xd cua chung o nuoc ta, co don dien lon, nhieu ruong dat cho phat canh, thu to

La nhugn nguoi co quyen loi gan lien voi khai thac thuoc dia va quyen loi cua nguoi P o dong duong, ung ho cs cai tri cua P, tang lop doi lap void t, doi tuong can danh do cua cm

-TS dt: gom nhung ts loai vua va nho, thuong hd trong cac nganh thuong nghiep, cong nghiep va ca tieu thu cong nghiep

Ho bi nguoi P chen ep nhieu ve dia vi kt ctri

Chiu so phan mat nuoc, co mau thuan quyen loi voi bon de quoc thuc dan va pk, cho nen ho co tinh than chong de quoc pk, tu tuong cua ho la cung muon duoc gp doc lap de tu do kinh doanh=> g/c ts dt la 1 ll cm ko the thieu trong ptrao cm gp dt, tuy nhien ho van con nhung han che nhu: dtranh ko triet de, de thoa hiep nhuong bo khi P gianh cho ho 1 so quyen loi, la g/c ung ho cm chu ko lanh dao

4. G/c tieu tu san: bao gom tang lop hoc sinh, sinh vien, tri thuc, tieu thuong, vien chuc, nhung nguoi lam nghe tu do

Day la 1 bo phan co trinh do van hoa va muc song cao hon so voi mat bang chung cua xh. Ho thuong song tap trung o nhung do thi lon

Do co trinh do van hoa cao nen ho nhanh chong tiep thu luong van hoa, tu tuong tien bo (trong do co CN Mac, tu tuong dan chu ts cua chau au)

- Ho co tinh than yeu nuoc nong nan nhung han che cua ho la hay bi hoang mang, dao dong => lap truong doi khi ko vung vang => thay doi ve muc tieu cm. Tuy nhien neu giac ngo ho se la nhung nguoi rat hang hai, nhiet tinh

=> ll cm qtrong trong cuoc dtranh vi doc lap dt

5. G/c CN:

Duoc hinh thanh trong cuoc khai thac thuoc dia lan thu nhat cua P truoc g/c ts VN, ptrien nhanh chong ve so luong tu 10van nam 1914 den 22 van nam 1919

Ho mang day du nhung dtrung cua g/c CN the gioi (4 dac diem)

+ la 1 luc luong xh tien tien dai dien cho pthuc sx moi tien bo

+ co y thuc to chuc ky luat cao

+ co tinhthan cm triet de

+ mang banchat quoc te

Ngoai ra, gc CN VN con mang nhung dd rieng:

+ phai chiu 3 tang lop ap buc, boc lot la de quoc, pk, tu san ban xu

+ da so xuat than tu nong dan, ho von co mqh chat che voi nong dan, co the tao ra lien minh cong nong chat che hon

+ CN VN co loi ich dtranh trung voi loi ich cua toan dt=> ho thuan loi trong viec doan ket duoi ngon co chung de dtranh chong td P

+ CN VN la 1 khoi thuan nhat ve tu tuong, doi ngu nay ko co cong nhan quy toc=> ho thuan loi trong viec phat dong, to chuc ptrao dtranh

=> g/c CN VN mang day du dd tien bo de co the tro thanh g/c lanh dao cm, ho co the quy tu day du luc luong cua toan dt duoi su dan dat to chuc cua g/c minh nham phuc vu muc tieu chung do la gp dt.

 

Cau 3: Trinh bay khai quat cac ptrao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong pk va cac ptrao theo khuynh huong dc ts cuoi tk 19 dau tk 20? Nguyen nhan that bai cua cac ptrao?

1. Ptrao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong pk

- cuoi tk 19, mac du trieu dinh pk nha nguyen ky cac hiep uoc Acmang (1883) va Patonot (1884) dau hang tdp, song ptrao chong tdp van dien ra

Ptrao yeu nuoc o nam ky 1861-1868 tieu bieu la 2 doanh nhan truong dinh va nguyen trung truc cung voi nd yeu nuoc da anh dung dung len chien dau bat chap su dau hang cua trieu dinh nguyen. Trieu dinh so dan hon so giac nen da dan ap nd

- Ptrao can vuong (1885-1895): huong ung chieu can vuong cua vua ham nghi=> kc chong tdp hai nhan vat tieu bieu la vua ham nghi va ton that thuyet

Ptrao yeu nuoc dien ra soi noi tren ca nuoc tieu bieu

Khoi nghia Huong khe (1885-1895) do phan dinh phung. Khoi nghia Ba dinh (1881-1887) do pham banh va dinh cong trang.

Khoi nghia bai say (1883-1892) nguyen thien thuat

Khoi nghia yen the do hoang hoa tham lanh dao keo dai gan 30 nam (1885-1913). Cac phong trao lien tuc no ra the hien tinh than yeu nuoc cua nd nhung deu bi tdp dan ap va that bai

* nguyen nhan that bai

Y thuc he tu tuong pk da tro nen loi thoi, lac hau, ko phu hop voi xu the cua thoi dai

Cac cuoc khoi nghia dien ra nho le, thieu su lien ket, tdp co the tap trung luc luong dan ap

Tu duy ve qsu, chenh lech ve vu khi

Do cac ptrao phu thuoc vao nguoi lanh dao, nen khi nguoi lanh dao bi bat hoac thu tieu thu ptrao cung tan ra

2. Ptrao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong dan chu ts:

* H/c ls:

- dau tk 20 trao luu dc ts dang tro thanh pho bien rong rai, co suc lan tran rong rai tren toan the gioi, thanh phan dc ts xh o VN => tac dong toi nhung si phu yeu nuoc o VN

- Chiu anh huong cua cm tan hoi – trung quoc (1911) va hinh anh 1 nuoc nhat ban duy tan tu cuong.

* Mot so ptrao

- truoc ctranh tg lan 1:

+ cu phan boi chau: tieu bieu cho truong phai sd bao luc de gianh cq, phat dong 2 ptrao

. dong du (1906-1908): lua chon nguoi VN (db la thanh nien yeu nuoc) sang Nhat hoc va dao tao ( Nhat Ban la 1 nuoc pk => DQ)

. VN quang phuc hoi (1912): md danh duoi tdp, lat do trieu nguyen

=> ong chua nhanthay duoc dd VN khac TQ. VN: tu san chua co vtro gi => cung ko thanh cong

=> ptrao cua PBC duoc danh gia la co tinh than yeu nuoc cao, md tot dep song duong loi chua dung dan => sau nay ptrao duoc nhan dinh chang khac nao cong ran can ga nha

+ Phan chau trinh: theo chu truong bat bao dong gianh cq nhung ko sd bao luc. Cu mong muon dua vao nguoi phap de cai tao dat nuoc, phuc hung dt, cai tao ds nd. Voi khau hieu “khai dan tri, chan dank hi, hau dan sinh”. Tuy nhien ptrao da bi that bai chang khac gi “xin phap ru long thuong”

+ Ptrao dong kinh nghia thuc:

Do 2 si phu Luong van can, nguyen quyen lanh dao

KL: do nhung han che ve ls, gc nen PBC, PCT cung nhu cac si phu cap tien lanh dao ptrao yeu nuoc dau tk 20 ko the tim duoc 1 phuong huong giai quyet chinh xac cho cuoc dtranh gp cua dt nen chi sau 1 thoi ki phat trien da bi ke thu dap tat

- Sau ctranh tg lan 1:

Co rat nhieu ptrao yeu nuoc dien ra tren pvi ca nuoc: ptrao quoc gia cai luong (1919-1923), xh dang lap hien (1923), ptrao yeu nuoc dan chu cong khai (1925-1926). Tieu bieu la kn yen bai cua VN quoc dan dang – tieu bieu cho ptrao dtranh cua ts VN

+ VNQDD thanh lap 25/12/1927 coi nguon dang la Nam Dong thu xa. Bao gom dong dao luc luong cua nhieu thanh phan. Day la chinhd ang cua ts VN tieu bieu: nguyen thai hoc, nguyen khac nhu, pham tuan tai, pho duc chinh

+ dia ban: bac ky

+ LL rat phuc tap: ngoai ts con co ca tieu ts, nong dan, cong nhan, binh linh nguoi viet trong quan doi phap

+ chu truog: mun dnah duoi tdp, lat do pk de xd nha nuoc VN moi

+ PP: ho tap trung ll, sd bao luc de gianh cq

+ 9/2/1930 VNQDD phat dong kn voi tinh than “ko thanh cong cung thanh nhan” mo dau la o yen bai sau do lan rong ra 1 so tinh: vinh phuc, thai nguyen…=> nhanh chong bi phap dan ap va dap tat

Kn yen bai cung la su co gang cuoi cung cua gc ts VN. Tinh than cua cuoc cm cho tahy: su non kem ve ctri trong viec to chuc va lanh dao cm

=>KL: cac ptrao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong dc ts o VN da dien ra ltuc va soi noi nhung cuoi cung deu bi that bai vi gc ts VN rat nho yeu ve kte va ctri nen ko du suc giuong cao ngon co lanh dao su nghiep gp dt. Su that bai cua cuoc kn yen bai “bao hieu su khung hoang ve duong loi va gc lanh dao cm. Trong trach ls de cuu nuoc da dat ra 1 yeu cau moi cho 1 gc moi” (le duan). Tuy nhien cac ptrao yeu nuoc theo khuynh huong dc ts da gap phan co vu manh me tinh than yeu nuoc cua nd ta

 

Cau 4: su chuan bi truc tiep cua NAQ ve tu tuong  ctri  va to chuc cho viec thanh lap dang cs vn

Sau nhieu nam bon ba noi dat khach que nguoi da dem lai cho NAQ 1 tinh cam cm sau sac mot von tri thuc lon, do nguoi duoc doc so thao lan thu 1 nhung luan cuong ve van de dt va van de thuoc dia cua Lenin, lam co so cho nguoi di den 1 kham pha, 1 su lua chon chinh xac con duong gp dt trong thoi dai moi: con duong cmvs

Nguoi da gia nhap dang xh phap, va tro thanh nguoi cs dau tein cua VN (t12/20). NAQ xuc tien manh me viec nc ly luan gp dt theo hoc thuyet cmvs cua CN M_L, tung buoc chuan bi ve tu tuong, ctri va to chuc cho viec thanh lap chinh DCS o VN

* Ve tu tuong chinh tri:

- Gd truoc 1920: NAQ da sd bao cho va cac tac pham van hoc to cao toi ac cua tdp (kich, tho, truyen ngan). Qua do khich le tinh than yeu nuoc cua cac nuoc thuoc dia trong do co VN

- Gd 1921-1923: NAQ viet nhieu bai dang tren cac bao “nguoi cung kho”, “nhan dao” cua dcs P, bao “ds nd”cua tong lien doan ld P. Nguoi sang lap ra to bao “nguoi cung kho” (nguoi lam chu but, chu bien) => quy tu dien dan cua nhung nguoi yeu nuoc o ca chau a va chau phi. Buoc dau nguoi da noi den CN Mac

- Gd 1924-1927: NAQ truc tiep soan thao ra nhung tu lieu dong vtro nhung bai giang cho hoc vien lop “VNCM TN”, trong do de cap toi CN Mac, to chuc ptrao

Xh 2 tp lon cua NAQ: “ban an che do tdp” (in 1925), “duong kach menh” (1927) – NAQ da vach ra nhung phuong huong co ban ve chien luoc va sach luoc cua cm gp dt o VN

=> “duong kach menh” da truc tiep chuan bi ve tu tuong ctri cho viec thanh lap chinh dang cua gc cn vn

KL: nhu vay trong khoang thoi gian hon 10 nam NAQ da truyen ba CN M_L vao VN theo 1 lo trinh rat khoa hoc de nguoi dan VN co the tiep can duoc, bien no thanh 1 vu khi ly luan sac ben lam nen tang tu tuong cho cuoc dtranh sau nay

* Ve to chuc:

- 1921 bac da sang lap ra “hoi lien hiep thuoc dia”. Day la to chuc cua dong dao ca nhan yeu nuoc o thuoc dia cua phap va dang song o pari dtranh chong cn thuc dan

- 1925 khi do voi tu cach la uy vien TWQTCS, phu trach ban phuong Dong, nguoi thanh lap “hoi lien hiep cac dt bi ap buc o A dong”. To chuc quy tu cac ca nhan  yeu nuoc chau a, dong nam a, trung quoc, trieu tien…

- T6/1925 NAQ da tap trung nhugn thanh nien VN yeu nuoc tien tien de thanh lap ra to chuc “hoi VNCMTN” voi nong cot la cong san doan. TO chuc nay quy tu tat cac nhung nguoi VN yeu nuoc dang song o quang chau, sau nay ho duoc tran bi ky nang phat dong quan chung, CN mac

Hoi ra to bao “Thanh nien” 21/6 lam co quan ngon luan cua hoi. Day la buoc qtrong de hthanh cac to chuc sau nay. Cac hoi vien cua hoi sau khi duoc huan luyen co the ve nuoc hoac di hoc tiep

=> qua cac buoc chuan bi ve to chuc tu quy mo gian tiep den truc tiep Hoi VNCMTN da xac lap duoc nen tang, da ren luyen kn lanh dao, to chuc cho cac dang vien

KL: bang cac buoc chuan bi tu tuong ctri, to chuc NAQ da xd chinh dang cua ta sau nay. Dieu do kd vtro qtrong cua NAQ

 

Cau 6: Noi dung co ban tong cuong linh ctri dau tien cua dang? Ptich nhung diem sang tao cua cuong linh?

1.Noi dung co ban trong cuong linh chinh tri dau tien cua dang

Cuong linh ctri dtien cua dang do NAQ soan thao va duoc hoi nghi hop nhat thong qua: chinh cuong van tat, sach luoc van tat, ctrinh tom tat. Noi dung co ban:

- Phuong huong chienluoc cua cm vn: dang se lanh dao ts dan quyen cm va tho dia de tien toi xhcs

- Nvu cu the cua cm:

+ ctri: danh duoi tdp, lat do che do pk. Sau khi thang loi, nuoc nam hoan toan doc lap, xd nha nuoc cong nong binh, xd quan doi mang ban sac cong nong

+ kte: tich thu toan bo cac san nghiep lon cua de quoc, dia chi phan dong giao cho chinh phu cong nong binh, tich thu ruong dat cua bon dq lam cua cong va chia cho dan cay ngheo. Dong thoi mo mang nong nghiep, cong nghiep thuc thi ngay lam 8h, bai bo thue vo ly (thue than)

+ Van hoa: dang chu truong xoa bo nhung hu tuc lac hau, mo mang ptrien van hoa moi, tientien, thu hien nam nu binh quyen, pho thong gd theo huong cong nong hoa

- LL cm: dang chu truong cong nhan va nong dan la ll nong cot qtrong nhat. Ngoai ra dang phai tranh thu, ra suc loi keo tieu ts, tri thuc, trung nong, trung tieu dia chu ve phe cm, ts vn va trung nong thi phai ra suc van dong ho it ra phai lam cho ho trung lap. Bo phan nao da ra mat phan cm thi phai danh do

- lanh dao cm VN: cuong linh khang dinh su lanh dao cua dang la mot nhan to qtrong, quyet dinh thang loi, dang phai to chuc chat che xd ll 1 cach co hthong va ky luat

- Doan ket qte: cm vn chi la 1 bo phan cua cm tg nen gc vsvn phai lien ket chat che voi vstg, db la vs phap

=> y nghia cuong linh:

Cuong linh ctri dau tien cua dang van dung sang tao cua CN Mac vao dk hc ls cua VN. Nd cuong linh noi bat voi tu tuong gp dt, ruong dat cho dan cay, xd xhcn. Cuong linh nay da thuc hien nhuan nhuyen quan diem gc, tham duom tu tuong dt, phu hop voi xu the thoi dai, gquyet van de dat ra

* Ptich nhung diem sang tao cua cuong linh

- dung dan:

Cuong linh dtien cua dang nhan dinh danh gia cm mot cach dung dan tren moi khia canh va la kim chi nam cho cuoc dtranh gp dt

+ phuong huong cm: cuong linh nhan dinh con duong tat yeu cua cm VN truoc tien la lam cm ts dan quyen va “ tho dia” cm sau do tien len xhcs. Day la phuong huong cm hoan toan dung dan. Vi VN dang ganh chiu ach do ho thong tri boc lot cua tdp va bon pk tay sau phan dong. Lam cm ts dan quyen va tho dia cm hoan toan phu hop voi nguyen vong tha thiet duoc doc lap tu do va ruong dat cua nong dan. Sau khi thuc hien xong nhiem vu gp dt moi buoc vao xd cnxh => phu hop voi xu the cua thoi dai. Boi chi co xhcn moi la xh tien bo nhat, 1 xh tu do, cong bang, dan chu, ko co ap buc boc lot

+ xd dung dan, chinh xac ke thu cua cm vn la tdp va tay sai => phuong phap tan cong lat do chung

- Sang tao: cuong linh dau tien la kq cua su van dung sang tao va ptrien hoc thuyet M_L, duong loi cua QTCS va kinh nghiem cua cm tg vao hc ls cu the cua vn.

+ K/h 2 cuoc cm ts dan quyen va tho dia cm tien toi xhcs => day la the loai cm o cac nuoc thuoc dia ma sinh thoi M_L va ngay ca QTCS cung chua noi den sau nay dang ta goi la cm dt dc, nd tien len cnxh. Chung ta ket hop nhuan nhuyen giua cm gp dt va cm xhcn=>ko can phai thuc hien cuoc cm ctri lan thu 2 de gq vde cq nhu cm nga va TQ

=> chung to ngay tu khi moi thanh lap dang ta da nam vung nguyen ly co ban cua CN M_L va van dung sang tao cm tg, thau suot con duong ptrien tat yeu cua cmvn, nhan ro mqh bien chung giua cm dt _ cm xhcn

+ Sang tao trong qtrinh tap hop, loi keo ll cm dua tren tinh than tranh thu moi su ung ho, giup do, nhan biet ro rang ke thu cua cm tu do chu truong loi keo tri thuc, tieu ts, cac ll yeu nuoc… ve phia cm. Phu nong, trung tieu dia chu va ts vn ma chua ro mat phan cm thi loi dung, loi dung, loi keo, it ra cung la tap trung ho, bo phan nao ra mat phan cm thu phai danh do. Dang ta luon jd tren phuong cham “them ban bot thu”, tranh thu su ung ho cua moi tang lop, gc de tap trung het moi suc manh vao danh do ke thu chinh cua cm

+ Dang tranh thu giai quyet hai hoa tung buoc quyen loi cua cac gc, vde ruong dat la xuong song cua “tho dia cm”. Dang chu truong tung buoc gq phu hop voi tung thoi ki cm

Nhan dinh ts ban xu ko co the luc gi ta ko the noi cho ho di ve phe de quoc duoc va ko tich thu ruong dat, san nghiep cua pk ma chu tich thu cua bon de quoc. Nhu vay nho gq hai hoa quyen loi cua tung gc => tranh thu duoc su ung ho cua gc nong dan co duoc ruong dat – “mo uoc” cua ho=> ho hang hai lam cm

=> nho nam vung ban chat KH cua CN M_L, gq dung dan mlh giua yeu to dt, yeu to gc, som ket hop 2 yeu to nay 1 cach sang tao=> gan cn yeu nuoc chan chinh voi cn qtvs => phat huy duoc tinh than yeu nuoc, danh gia duoc dung vi tri cua tung gc cm => doan ket, tap hop duoc suc manh dt. Nho do ma dang lanh dao cm thang loi