Gerund - Infinitive

REVISION GRAMMAR
GERUND – INFINITIVE AND BARE INFINITIVE
Contents
GERUND
INFINITIVE
Có dạng: To + Vo
Có dạng: V-ing
BARE INFINITIVE
PRACTICE
Put the verbs in brackets
Có dang: Vo
01
02
03
04
GERUND
01


Playing baseball is fun.
S
V
We enjoy playing baseball.
S
V
O
He`s excited about playing baseball.
PREP
O
# 2. Bob and Ann are playing baseball.
# 3. I heard some surprising news.
? Playing l� 1 HTPT (present participle) dĩng vai trị c?a thì HTTD.

# 1. Walking is good exercise..
? Walking l� 1 gerund dĩng vai trị 1 ch? t? c?a 1 c�u.

? Surprising l� 1 HTPT (present participle) dĩng vai trị c?a 1 tính t?
Vai trò của Gerund trong câu
V + V-ing
Những động theo sau là Gerund
note
* Sau các liên từ:
after, before, when, while, since,…
Ex: After finishing his homework, he went to bed.
Ex: My sister is interested in listening to pop music.
on, in, at, with, about, from, to, without, ….
* Sau các giới từ:
infinitive
02
To - Vo
#1. Làm “S”, “O” or “Complement”
Ex:
To conceal the truth from her was foolish.
He wanted to become a spaceman.
What he asked for is to be left alone.
#2. Làm “ADJ” bổ nghĩa cho danh từ
Ex:
- He was the first man to leave the room.
- English is an important language to master.
#3. Làm “ADV” diễn tả các nội dung sau:
* Mục đích của hành động:
- He went to the station to meet her.
- He bought a dictionary to study English.
- She is too tired to go for a walk.
- The box was too heavy for her to carry
* Kết quả, hậu quả:
* Hiệu quả :
- I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box.
- He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.
S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf
S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf
#4. Dùng sau một số “V” nhất định như:
Ex:
- They promised to come back soon.
- He can’t afford to take a taxi.
Afford (đáp ứng), agree (đồng ý), arrange (sắp xếp, decide (quyết định), demand (yêu cầu), expect (mong đợi), fail (thất bại), hope (hi vọng), intend (dự định), learn (học), manage (xoay sở), need, offer (đề nghị), plan (kế hoạch), pretend (giả vờ), promise (lời hứa),refuse (từ chối), threaten (đe dọa), want, wish, would like…
#5. NOTE
Ex: She allowed me to use her pen.
- Allow / permit /advise / recommend + O + to – Vo
S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to - Vo
Ex:She didn’t allow smoking in her room.
- Allow / permit /advise / recommend + V-ing
S + be + adj + to - Vo
Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.
It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để ..
Ex: It is interesting to study English.
BARE – INFINITIVE ( Vo )
04
CONTENTS
#1. Modal verbs
#3. But, Except
#2. Have, let, make, help...
#4. Verbs for senses
#1. Dùng sau các Modal verbs
Can, could, may, might, must, ought to.....
Ex:
- You may go now.
- They must finish the work by now.
#2. Dùng sau các động từ:
- I helped the child tidy his desk.
- He had a painter paint the gate.
Ex:
HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP, WOULD RATHER, HAD BETTER
- They let him enter the room without a ticket.
- My parents make me go to bed early.
NOTE
- be + made + to-Vo
- help + Vo / to-Vo
help + O + Vo / to-Vo
- help + O + with + N
Ex: 1. My brother helped me do my homework.
Ex: 2. My brother helped me to do my homework
Ex: 3. My brother helped me with my homework.
#3. Dùng sau “BUT, EXCEPT” với nghĩa “ngoại trừ”
Ex
- Why don’t you do anything but complain?
- She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework.
#4. Dùng sau các động từ chỉ giác quan (VERBS FOR SENSES)
hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + V0
Ex:I saw her get off the bus.
chỉ sự hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra
hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + Ving
chỉ sự việc đang diễn ra
Ex: I smell something burning in the kitchen.
(see) O Vo
(smell) O Ving
#5. Examples
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: GERUND or INFINITIVE (In some sentences, both forms are correct).
1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind……………………….( wait ) for you.
waiting
2. You must promise………………………….( not / be ) late again.
not to be
3. I always try to avoid……………………( borrow ) money from my friends.
borrowing
4. I’ve put off …………...( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
writing
5. How long have you been able………………………………(swim), John ?
to swim
Thanks!