NC BOOK 3 U10

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UNIT 10
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Task I
Listen to the audio. Mark the environmental issues that each of these countries is facing.
GETTING READY

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X
X
X
X
X
X
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Task II
Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words provided.
GETTING READY
bleach deteriorate climate change submersion
emission susceptible endangered agriculture
LUDHIANA FACTORY OWNERS
You’re invited to a Q & A session with World Health Organization Representative Arnold Baker.
Thursday, November 15 at 7:00 p.m.
WHO has claimed our companies are responsible for significant
1. __________ into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to
2. ____________, which can have serious consequences, such as flooding
and island 3. __________. Obviously, we mean no harm to our neighbors,
and we provide employment opportunities for many. Let’s meet together to
question this report!
Ludhiana Factory Owners Association (LFOA)
emissions
climate change
submersion
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Task II
Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words provided.
GETTING READY
World Wildlife Fund Memorandum

Introduction: As the Amazon rainforest is quickly 4. ____________, 40
Percent of the rainforest could disappear by 2030. The other problem that
must be eliminated is climate change damage to the 5. __________ sector.
Farmers are choosing to grow fruit that is less 6. __________ to the
warmer temperatures. We should send a team to teach alternative farming
practices that lower consumption as soon as possible.
deteriorating
agriculture
susceptible
bleach deteriorate climate change submersion
emission susceptible endangered agriculture
5
Task II
Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words provided.
GETTING READY
Dear Friends and Family,
Climate change in Australia has caused forest fires to worsen and many
species to become 7. _____________. Warmer ocean temperatures are
8. __________ the immense coral of the Great Barrier Reef. If you care
about Australia, pass this message on! Let’s give our animal friends a
chance to survive and keep the Great Barrier Reef around for future
generations!
Kylie
endangered
bleaching
bleach deteriorate climate change submersion
emission susceptible endangered agriculture
6
GETTING READY
7
GETTING READY
8
GETTING READY
9
VOCABULARY DRILL
A. Listen Up
Listen to the audio. Help Goldberg finish his speech draft by filling in the blanks with complete sentences.
My dear citizens, thank you for attending this rally. As you know, the American Lung Association has ranked Bakersfield as the most polluted city in America. I assure you that as mayor, environmentalism would be my top priority. I’ve selected a few cities for inspiration. Vancouver has ______________________________________________________________ ______________________ (fossil fuels, renewable energy). I also intend to reduce the use of cars. Freiburg, Germany, has low speed limits to encourage people to walk. Additionally, __________________________________________________________________________ (hybrid vehicles, consumption). Finally, similar to the recycling programs in San Francisco, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (implement, recyclables). Together, we can make Bakersfield clean and green!
cut down on their use of fossil fuels and replaced them with renewable energy sources
I will eliminate taxes on hybrid vehicles, as they have lower fuel consumption
I plan to implement a program that allows citizens to drop their recyclables off at the curb, making it simple and convenient
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VOCABULARY DRILL
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VOCABULARY DRILL
B. Word Focus: Green Vocabulary
Fill in the chart with these words: deteriorate, sustainable, recyclable, eco-friendly.
sustainable
deteriorate
recyclable
eco-friendly
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VOCABULARY DRILL
C. Speak Out Loud
Working in groups, present ideas for celebrating the next Earth Day. Vote for the best idea.
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CONVERSATION CORNER
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CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the conversation. Use the hints to help you. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. Even after ___________ in his house for hours, Alan was unable to find his backpack. (search)
2. Educators agree that an exceptional teacher is one who can help a student ___________ his or her full potential. (let out)
3. Environmentalists have ___________ a campaign to raise funds for preserving the Amazon rainforest. (start)
4. Although his grandmother had traditional ___________ about weddings, she agreed to attend his beach ceremony. (concept)
5. When the product had to be recalled for safety reasons, the company lost its biggest ___________. (moneymaker)
6. The factory was ___________ into an apartment building after being sold to an architect. (change)
rooting around
unleash
initiated
notions
cash cow
converted / transformed
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CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
B. Word Families
Finish the passage with the correct forms of the words provided. Change the part of speech if necessary.
recycle dispose innovative profit conservation emission
Nowadays, consumers make purchases more than ever before. It’s really no surprise that this happens since companies know that higher 1. ___________ can be obtained by releasing new products. Although a lot of modern 2. ___________ have been beneficial to mankind, many of them also have negative effects on the environment, such as sending 3. ___________ from factories into the air. In order to reduce damage to our planet, everyone should try to make small changes to their lifestyles. For example, turn off your electronic devices when you’re not using them to 4. ___________ power. In addition, 5. ___________ as much of your garbage as you can instead of just 6. ___________ of everything in the trash. It’s actually very easy to help the environment once you’re aware of the issue.
profits
innovations
emissions
conserve
recycle
disposing
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CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
C. True, False, or Unknown
Select if the statements are true, false, or unknown.
1. T  F  U  Tim believes his school may have discarded items that could be reused in creative ways.
2. T  F  U  Old Navy stores donated flip-flops to organizations that maintain playgrounds.
3. T  F  U  Old Navy and TerraCycle have cooperated on numerous environmental projects.
4. T  F  U  TerraCycle makes money by recycling items that are normally thought to be unrecyclable.
5. T  F  U  Gum is made from rubber and can be transformed into plastic.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
A. Searching Thoroughly
• root around in (something / a place)
• turn (a place) inside out
• look high and low
• rifle through (something)
• go through (something / a place) with a fine-tooth comb
Fill in the appropriate expressions.
Some blanks may have more than one possible answer.
1. The receptionist _________________ her desk until she found the file folder.
2. After ________________ his daughter’s room ____________, he realized that her bracelet was probably in the bathroom.
3. Despite _________________ at the crime scene, the police failed to find any evidence.
rooted around in / rifled through
with a fine-tooth comb
looking high and low
going through
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
B. Discussing Moneymakers
Complete the dialogues with the expressions above. Do not use the same expression twice.
• be a cash cow
• be a golden goose
• be easy money
• be a license to print money
• be a gold mine
1. A: I plan to major in medicine, considering that the field seems to be _______________.
B: While medicine can be _______________ for some, you must be passionate about helping people.
2. A: I’m sick of working all day just to make the company _______________. I’d like to start my own business.
B: Yeah, but that won’t guarantee you ________________________.
a gold mine
a cash cow
a golden goose
a license to print money
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
C. Talking about Experts
Rewrite the parts in bold to include the phrases above.
1. Jim can always figure out what is wrong with computers.
 _________________________________________________________
2. Surgeons have to be knowledgeable to provide their patients with the best care possible.
 _________________________________________________________
3. George was well-informed about how the vacuum cleaner worked.
 _________________________________________________________
Jim knows the ins and outs of computers / knows computers inside out / knows computers backwards and forwards.
Surgeons have to be on the ball / up to speed to provide their patients
with the best care possible.
George was up to speed about / knew the ins and outs of how the
vacuum cleaner worked.
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
A. Correct the Mistakes
Listen to the audio and fix the errors in bold.
Missing!
Carrie can’t find a file containing 1. meeting notes. She has looked in many places but has had no luck so far. The first place she looked was 2. the break room. She has also rooted around in her briefcase 3. once. She has 4. glanced in the meeting room, but it wasn’t there. She believes that the document 5. might be in the marketing department or accounting department because she 6. frequently goes
to those areas of the office. If you have seen her missing item, please contact her immediately at extension 457.
confidential client information.
in her desk.
a dozen times.
searched high and low
is not
hardly ever / seldom
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
B. Fill Out the Chart
Frank and Judy want to open a franchise. Help them finish the list with words or expressions from the audio. There may be more than one possible answer.
cash cow
profitable
license to print money
gold mines
easy money
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
C. Finish the Book Summary
Complete the description based on the audio. Use the expressions you’ve learned.
Are you __________________________________ (on the ball, shopping)? If not, pick up Matilda Archer’s new book The Savvy Shopper Life. It ____________________________________________ _____________________________ (techniques, backwards and forwards). Matilda ____________________________(up to speed, budget) because ____________________________ (inherited). One topic covered in her book is ________________________________________ (ins and outs, coupons). If you want to make big savings, the best thing you can do is read this book.
on the ball when it comes to shopping for cheap
will teach you money-saving techniques that you should know backwards and forwards
is up to speed on sticking to a budget
she inherited the skills from her parents
knowing the ins and outs of how to use coupons
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
Participles
A participle is a verb form which can be used as an adjective to modify a noun. It often ends in –ing or –ed.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
Participial Phrases
A participial phrase functions as an adjective or adverb in a sentence.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
• Usage Note •
When the participial phrase comes before the wrong noun, it can cause confusion. Determine which sentence is correct and explain why.


Participial Phrases
A participial phrase functions as an adjective or adverb in a sentence.
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks using participial phrases.
1. The man always wears a gray jacket. He lives upstairs from me.
→ The man ______________________________ lives upstairs from me.
2. Megan hurried over to assist the victims. She had witnessed the accident only seconds before.
→ __________________________________________, Megan hurried over to assist the victims.
3. The house was built upon a cliff. The cliff was surrounded by the ocean.
→ The house was built upon a cliff _____________________________.
4. The salesperson stared at Josh. She also tapped her finger impatiently.
→ The salesperson, _____________________________, stared at Josh.
5. Arkansas is known as the Natural State. It’s considered one of the most scenic states in America.
→ _____________________________, Arkansas is considered one of the most scenic states in America.
Having witnessed the accident only seconds before
surrounded by the ocean
tapping her finger impatiently
Known as the Natural State
always wearing a gray jacket
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
B. Complete the Passage
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate participles.
Arctic Center of Social Networking

1. ___________ (Face) with a 2. ___________ (grow) need for servers, social media giant Facebook plans to build a multimillion-dollar server farm in Lulea, Sweden. This marks the first time the company, 3. ___________ (base) in America, has placed its servers in Europe. The location makes sense for several reasons. Just 100 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle, the region’s temperature provides natural cooling. 4. ___________ (Excite) to be chosen, locals also
point to the stability of the power source for the servers. Their system can easily meet Facebook’s needs for electricity. The server farm, 5. ___________ (expect) to give Sweden’s economy a boost, will attract more attention to Lulea and the neighboring cities in the long term.
Faced
growing
based
Excited
expected
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
C. Correct the Mistakes
Fix the errors in the sentences.
1. The houses destroying by the hurricane were rebuilt with money from the government.
 __________________________________________________________
2. May ran quickly, she carried her completing essay to the professor’s office at the last minute.
 __________________________________________________________
3. She frustrated with the recent series of events, Lydia seems too upset to speak to anyone.
 __________________________________________________________
4. This watch gave my father is my most precious possession.
 __________________________________________________________
5. The melt snow reminded us that winter was almost over. We watched children played in the snow one last time.
 __________________________________________________________
The houses destroyed by the hurricane were rebuilt with money from the government.
Running quickly, May carried her completed essay to the professor’s office at the last minute.
Frustrated with the recent series of events, Lydia seems too upset to speak to anyone.
This watch, given to me by my father, is my most precious possession.
The melting snow reminds us that winter was almost over. We watched children playing in the snow one last time.
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READING─PRE-READING TASK




a. Fish are caught before they are fully grown.
b. Eating fish that are too high in protein can have serious effects.
c. So many adult fish are harvested that there are not enough left to reproduce.
d. When fishing is done irresponsibly, it endangers wildlife.
e. Fishing provides a great food source for developing countries.
Look at the title of the article. Select what you think overfishing refers to. There are multiple correct answers.
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READING
Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe
Today, the biggest threat to marine life is overfishing. Scientists predict that unsustainable fishing practices will cause the world’s seafood supply to run out by 2048. Only through deliberate measures can this disaster be avoided.

P. 40
P. 41
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READING
Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe
Over three quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, yet many underwater species are becoming increasingly rare. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that more than 70 percent of the world’s fish stocks have reached dangerously low numbers or are already depleted. This is due to a phenomenon called biological overfishing, which comes in three forms: growth, recruit, and ecosystem.
P. 40
P. 41
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READING
Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe
Growth overfishing occurs when fish are harvested before becoming mature. Because of the smaller size of the young fish, fishermen have to catch more to achieve their goal weight. Moreover, when too many adult fish are caught, the reproduction of the species is likewise threatened; this is referred to as recruit overfishing. The third kind is perhaps the worst: ecosystem overfishing. In extreme cases, fishing changes a region’s entire wildlife distribution. For example, poisonous jellyfish have experienced a recent population explosion in some oceans because they no longer face competition from predators*.
P. 40
P. 41
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READING
Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe
Overfishing has severe consequences for humans too. In Africa, the decline of fish known for eating disease-causing insects has been linked to an increased incidence of illness. There are also economical disadvantages, like those seen in Newfoundland, Canada. Cod fishing was the main trade in this province, but in 1992, fleets went to sea and returned empty-handed. The cod had vanished. Decades of overfishing resulted in their disappearance, and 40,000 people lost their source of income. Today, many communities are still struggling to recover.

P. 40
P. 41
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READING
Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe
If the industry acts now, the world’s sea life can be saved. First, every fishery must limit the total number of fish caught, giving adults time to breed. Second, certain areas need to be protected, such as delicate sea floor habitats and coral reefs. Governments should work together to make dangerous fishing practices illegal. Consumers can make a difference too with just a little extra effort. Buy fish only from providers who practice sustainable fishing methods and never eat endangered species.

P. 40
P. 41
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READING
Overfishing: The Enemy of Ocean LIfe

Oceans and lakes are filled with fascinating life forms that have existed for millions of years. Let’s not allow our appetites to destroy them!
P. 40
P. 41
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READING
Discussion
Before the discovery of petroleum, whale blubber was the main source of oil. Thus, during the 18th and 19th centuries, the practice of hunting whales was popular, wiping out many species and endangering others. Today, there are still crews who hunt whales. What is your opinion of this issue? How do you think it affects sea life?
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READING ─AFTER YOU READ
A. Understand from the Context
Rewrite the parts in bold with words from the article.
1. Consumers want to know where their food comes from to ensure that its continued production is not damaging the environment.
2. Global warming has caused the natural homes of many species to vanish. 
3. The police discovered that the bombing was planned rather than accidental. 
4. Although bulldog breeding can occur naturally, most females cannot give birth without a vet’s help. 
5. The study revealed a high rate of birth defects in children whose parents smoked.
6. The area of the sea near the east coast is famous for its diverse underwater life. 
habitats
deliberate
reproduction
incidence
marine
sustainable
P. 33
P. 34
P. 36
P. 37
P. 35
P. 38
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READING ─AFTER YOU READ
B. Complete the Flyer
Fill in the blanks with words from the article.
Overfishing—Know the Facts!

Did you know that overfishing is seriously destroying marine
1. e_____________s? Here are examples of what can happen when fish
populations are wiped out:

The 2. d_____________e balance of life is disrupted, which causes problems in the natural food chain.
Species of fish become 3. e_____________d or extinct. The bluefin tuna is likely to be the next fish to disappear!
Less desirable animals, like the 4. p_____________s jellyfish, will thrive without predators to keep their numbers down.

Our underwater friends are 5. i_____________y under attack. We should unite in efforts to preserve the 6. b_____________l diversity of our oceans!
cosystem
elicat
ndangere
oisonou
ncreasingl
iologica
P. 33
P. 34
P. 36
P. 37
P. 35
P. 38
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READING ─AFTER YOU READ
C. Comprehension Check
Answer the questions.
We should refrain from eating endangered species and buying fish from fishers who practice unsustainable methods.
The fish population in the area had been totally depleted.
Reports of illnesses started to increase in many places.
They can cause the extinction of a species of fish.
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WRITING SKILLS
Information about the topic is classified by following one guideline.
Each paragraph explains one category and lists examples.
The thesis statement follows this formula:
The three most widely used fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
[guideline] [topic] [categories]



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WRITING SKILLS
Task I
Circle the topic and cross out the subcategory that does not belong.
Parallel Sentence Structure
When listing ideas, use the same word pattern to place equal emphasis on each item.

Correct: Recycling can take many forms: burying food scraps, finding new uses for old items, and reducing resource consumption.
Incorrect: Recycling can take many forms: burying food scraps, new uses for old items, and resource consumption reduction.
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WRITING SKILLS
Task II
Improve the following topic sentences by fixing the parts in bold.
1. Many people waste water without realizing it by letting water run needlessly, flushing the toilet too often, and leaky faucets.

 _____________________________________________________
2. Soil erosion has several causes: strong winds, raining hard, and a lack of vegetation.
 _____________________________________________________
3. Environmental science degrees feature biology class; they also require chemistry and geology.
 _____________________________________________________
Many people waste water without realizing it by letting water run needlessly, flushing the toilet too often, and failing to fix leaky faucets.
Soil erosion has several causes: strong winds, intense rainfall, and lack of vegetation.
Environmental science degrees feature various science classes: biology, chemistry, and geology.
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WRITING SKILLS─BEFORE YOU WRITE
Match each description to the appropriate ecosystem.
e. The ground is permanently frozen.
f. Freezing temperatures shorten the growing season to 60 days.
g. This exists in Mexico and the western United States.
h. Temperatures can vary as much as 77 degrees within a day.
a. Pollutants endanger these areas, like the Florida Everglades.
b. This receives less than ten inches of rainfall per year.
c. Alaska and northern Canada are home to these icy plains.
d. Water is continuously present in these swamps.
North American Ecosystems
b
g
h
a
d
c
e
f
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The land mass of North America stretches from the North Pole to the equator, allowing many types of environments to exist. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________


WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write a 150-word essay classifying the above ecosystems. Include at least two participial phrases.
In fact, some ecosystems are extreme: deserts, wetlands, and the Arctic tundra.
Introduction:
The thesis
statement should
follow the parallel
structure.
Nature Life in North America
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write a 150-word essay classifying the above ecosystems. Include at least two participial phrases.
Receiving less than ten inches of rainfall per year, the deserts of Mexico and the western United States are harsh and dry. Daytime conditions are roasting, but after the sun sets, temperatures plunge. They can vary as much as 77 degrees within a day!
The prominent feature of wetlands is exactly what the name suggests: water. It’s continuously present in swamps and marshes, but the volume can fluctuate. Endangered by pollutants and human activity, regions like the Florida Everglades are becoming increasingly rare.
Body:
Remember each
category needs its
own paragraph.
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write a 150-word essay classifying the above ecosystems. Include at least two participial phrases.
The Arctic tundra is bleak. The ground is permanently frozen, and glaciers can be seen along coastal areas. Freezing temperatures shorten the growing season to only 60 days. Alaska and the northern regions of Canada are home to these icy plains.
Body:
Remember each
category needs its
own paragraph.
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WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write a 150-word essay classifying the above ecosystems. Include at least two participial phrases.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Conclusion:
Summarize the
information you’ve
presented.
North America has many beautiful locations, but some severe climates as well. If you’re planning on moving to a North American city, be sure to research the area’s ecosystem first!
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The End