Singapore development

Singapore’s agriculture development policies
Full name: Tran Thi Thai
Student code: 11184381
Class: International Economics 60A
EXPERIENCES FOR VIETNAM AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATION OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES
SINGAPORE’S BACKGROUND
SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
POLICIES
Structure
PART 1: SINGAPORE’S BACKGROUND
SINGAPORE
Capital and human resources
International relationship
Geography, climate and natural resources
Overview of economic situation
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724.2 square kilometres
63 large and small islands
The terrain on this island is quite flat
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Tropical climate
Average temperature: 26.8°C
Humid equatorial climate with undistinguished seasons
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Scarcity of land
No river system => leading to a lack of water
Natural resources are scarce
Geography, climate and natural resources
Geography, climate and natural resources
Capital
Domestic
Foreign
A highly developed free market economy
GDP per person: ($103,181 in 2019)
The regional wealth management hub
Huge FDI inflows from global investors and institutions thanks to its attractive investment climate and political stability.
(92.08 billion USD)
The lowest total population in the world (5,898,502-2017)

100% of Singapore`s population lives in urban areas

An aging population and low annual growth

A multi-national country and has advanced education and training
Human resource
The human resource in this country is immense
Economic Situation
- One of the world’s most prosperous nations, with a business-friendly regulatory environment and a very low unemployment rate.
- From 2010 to 2019, Singapore`s economic scale has continuously increased rapidly. (4th largest in Southeast Asia-14th in Asia and 34th)
- Services are the largest contributor to Singapore`s GDP and consistently (> 60% GDP). It is followed by industry, which contributes about a third of GDP. The agricultural sector has almost no impact on GDP growth with only about 0.03%.

International relationship
Singapore`s foreign policy has been designed to ensure a regional balance
16 bilateral FTAs
A strong supporter for APEC and WTO members.
An active member of UN, ASEAN, APEC, WTO and the NAM
12 regional FTAs
SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES BEFORE 21ST CENTURY
SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN 21ST CENTURY

PART 2: SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
1. SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES BEFORE 21ST CENTURY
1967, agricultural land: 25% total area without irrigated land
1988, agricultural land: 3% of total land area but farming sector met a portion of the domestic demand for important fresh farm commodities. (2,075 licensed farms, 1,280 hectares of farm buildings.
After the mid-1980s, mushroom cultivation developed significantly (370 vegetable farms - 10,000 tons of veggies.
1989, they cultivated orchids and sent flowers worth S$13.8 million to Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and the USA.
Pig farming was phased out by the government in 1984 due to odor and pollution concerns.
By 1990, 200 pig farms with around 500,000 pigs were expected to be reduced to 22 farms with 300,000 pigs.
Singapore did not prioritize agricultural development
SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN 21ST CENTURY
2.1. Situation of Singapore agriculture in 21st century
Singapore`s agriculture was still not very prosperous.
Singaporean farmers still only have 3 typical products but in very small quantities, which are Vegetables , Orchids , Ornamental Plants.
2000 to 2013, Singapore`s livestock and poultry products are also underdeveloped (5-6% of the domestic need). There are only 2 types of meat: chicken and duck.
2014, Pig farming returned , but on a very small scale (less than 500 pigs/year).

SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN 21ST CENTURY
2.1. Situation of Singapore agriculture in 21st century
- Singapore produces locally only 8% basic food need of its population, which is the lowest in the world.
- Singapore has to import almost all food and agricultural production from about 170 countries in over the world Singapore’s food supply totally depends on international agreements and free trade deals or how currencies fluctuate.

SINGAPORE’S AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES IN 21ST CENTURY
2.1. Situation of Singapore agriculture in 21st century
The global food crisis in 2007, the average food price of food imported into Singapore increased by 12%
After havoc wrecked on world trade by the coronavirus pandemic, Singapore’s food supply chain is also affected dramatically
Singapore government realizes the urgency of having an agricultural policy to ensure self-sufficiency in food and basic foods
Singapore has promulgates plans to help develop agriculture to ensure its food security
2.2. Singapore’s agricultural development and food security policies in 21st century
Four main objects:
Strengthen food security.
Promote technological researches on agriculture and create more new jobs.
Increase the quality and quantity of fresh products.
Improve the country image by reducing its carbon sprint.
Farm Transformation Map
Farm Transformation Map emphasizes four major areas for improvement with the goal of assisting Singapore farmers in increasing their production levels.
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A knowledge-based workforce, wth modern farmers being appropriately called agri-technologist or agri-specialists
A need for more innovation to optimise limited space and increase production yields
Help produce food with less space using technology
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Grow its ecosystem by encouraging ancillary players, increasing demand for local produce and helping our farms to seek financial support.
We Create Professional Presentation Designed
PLAN 30X30
In April 2020, the SFA and MEWR stated that the 30x30 will assist expedite local food production in the shortest period feasible.
Objective: producing enough food to fulfill 30% of the country`s nutritional needs by 2030.
Government will provide a new $60 million fund to fund startups in agriculture, large-scale commercial farms, developing advances in technology and disruptive innovations in agriculture.
In the long term, Singapore will create a sustainable consumer market for hi-tech agricultural products.

Citiponics

Vertical indoor farms

Artificial products
High-tech agriculture models in Singapore
Citiponics
- Citiponics: is a model of planting trees on apartment rooftops or empty parking rooftops.
- In 2018, the first Citiponics was granted permission to build and produced up to 25 different types of leafy vegetables and herbs without pesticides using a custom-designed, modular hydroponic system.
- On the 1,800 square meter (0.5 acre) farm
produce up to 4 tons of food every month and uses 1% of the water needed in traditional agriculture and 10% of the water used in other hydroponic systems. Because, this model has Water Organic System (AOS) method that helps to reduce water consumption.
Citiponics
- Some other farms combine with fish tanks so they can, which relies on fish waste to create a renewable source of nutrients for plants.
- Singapore has built 260 edible gardens at homes, hotels, restaurants, on top of shopping malls, in school and then in a lot of various abundant land around the city.
Vertical indoor farms
Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers.

Vertical Farms
Indoor farming is a method of growing crops or plants, usually on a large scale, entirely indoors.
Indoor Farms
A combination of vertical farm and indoor farm
Vertical indoor farms
Improving crop production that comes with a reduced land
Being less disruptive to native plants and animals
The farmer has complete control over the amount of light, nutrients, and moisture climate of the farm, including oxygen, temperature and pH.
Three main benefits
40 varieties of vegetables: red radish, white radish, lettuce, Romaine lettuce, Japanese mizuna...
March 2021, 30 more varieties of vegetables .
20 varieties of fish, shrimp..
Artificial products
- Artificial meat or Cultured meat: meat grown in cell culture instead of inside animals.
Progress: .
+Plant-based meat is produced by extracting protein from plant sources such as soybeans and wheat in a controlled environment. Nutrients that are not synthesized by muscle cells such as iron, vitamin B12 will be added in the culture medium to create products with nutritional value equivalent to conventional meat.
+Shrimp cells are grown in tanks of nutrient compounds. After 4 to 6 weeks, the solution was withdrawn and small pellets of raw shrimp were obtained.
- More than 20 companies are currently testing lab-grown fish, beef and chicken.
In 2020, Singapore became the first nation in the world to allow the sale of "cultivated" meat
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EXPERIENCES FOR VIETNAM AGRICULTURE
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COOPERATION OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES
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PART 3: EXPERIENCES FOR VIETNAM AGRICULTURE AND COOPERATION OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES
EXPERIENCES FOR VIETNAM AGRICULTURE
Government’s support for hi-tech agriculture
Attracting foreign investment and technology transfer in hi-tech agriculture
Develop urban agriculture models
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COOPERATION OPPORTUNITIES BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES
Singapore is currently the sixth largest trading partner of Vietnam in the world and the second largest in ASEAN
Singaporean enterprises have also come to some provinces in the Mekong Delta, such as Can Tho and Vinh Long, to survey investment in food production, then import to Singapore
In 2013, IE Singapore brought a number of Singaporean businesses to some provinces in Vietnam such as Ho Chi Minh City. Da Lat to find cooperation opportunities in the field of agriculture.
Enterprises focus on building advanced farm models with great support from science and technology. Singapore also transfers advanced farming technologies, supply chain and logistics
Thank You