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At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies while their mothers start to build
a place called the "Osingira," a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the senior elders
from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them.
Later in the day, the boys run around the Osingira, going faster and faster each time.
The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys' hair is very long before
the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a
baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the child's hair and gives the child a name. At a Masai
wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage
boy's mother cuts his hair off at sunrise.
On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: "Now
you are men, use your heads and knowledge." Then, people start to travel back to their homes and
lands. The teenagers are no longer warriors. They are adult men and now they will get married and
have children. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities.
(
Adapted from "Life" by John Hughes, Helen Stephenson and Paul Dummett)
Question 28: What is the passage mainly about?
A. The ceremony that marks the beginning of Masai boys' adulthood
B. The reasons for the Masai's popularity over other African tribes
C. The journey by Masai teenage boys to the festival of Eunoto
D. The importance of Eunoto in African people's lives
Question 29: The word "warriors" in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.
A. musicians
Question 30: The word "them" in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. the boys B. the senior elders C. their mothers
Question 31: According to paragraph 3, the Osingira is built by ______.
B. fighters
C. travellers
D. dancers
D. different tribes
A. Masai teenagers
C. the Masai teenage boys' mothers
B. the Masai senior elders
D. Masai men
Question 32: The word "alter" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. change B. maintain C. distinguish
D. differ
Question 33: According to the passage, what do the teenage boys do at Eunoto?
A. Fighting with other tribes
C. Painting their bodies
B. Changing their clothes
D. Receiving new names
Question 34: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Eunoto lasts for a day across the region between Kenya and Tanzania.
B. The Masai teenage boys are given advice from senior elders before attending Eunoto.
C. The Masai teenage boys will become adults and get married after attending Eunoto.
D. Eunoto is the ceremony for both Masai teenage boys and girls.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
In this modern world where closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are everywhere and
smartphones in every pocket, the routine filming of everyday life is becoming pervasive. A number of
countries are rolling out body cams for police officers; other public-facing agencies such as schools,
councils and hospitals are also experimenting with cameras for their employees. Private citizens are
getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as a deterrent to aggressive drivers. As
camera technology gets smaller and cheaper, it isn't hard to envisage a future where we're all filming
everything all the time, in every direction.
Would that be a good thing? There are some obvious potential upsides. If people know they are on
camera, especially when at work or using public services, they are surely less likely to misbehave. The
available evidence suggests that it discourages behaviours such as vandalism. Another upside is that it
would be harder to get away with crimes or to evade blame for accidents.
But a world on camera could have subtle negative effects. The deluge of data we pour into the
hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would
no doubt be willing to upload and curate our body-cam data for free, but at what cost to privacy and
freedom of choice?
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