REPORTED SPEECH (Câu Tường Thuật)
I. STATEMENTS (Câu PHÁT BIỂU): Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
S + said (that) + S + V (lùi 1 thì)
S + told + O (that) + S + V (lùi 1 thì)
1. Đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu
2. Đổi thì động từ:
Direct speech
Reported speech
V(s/es)
( V2/ed
V2/ed
( had + V3/ed
will/ shall + V0
( would/ should + V0
am/is/are + V-ing
( was/ were + V-ing
was/were + V-ing
( had + been + V-ing
have/has + V3/ed
( had + V3/ed
had + V3/ed
( had + V3/ed
can
( could
must
( must / had to
3. Đổi các trạng ngữ (thời gian, nơi chốn)
Direct speech
Reported speech
This
These
Here
Now
Today
tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Ago
This week
Last (week / night / …)
Next week
Next Monday
That
Those
There
Then
That day
That night
The day before / the previous day
The day after / the following day / the next day
Before
That week
The (week / night / …) before / the previous (week / night / …)
The week after / the following week / the next week
The following Monday
II. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi):
* Yes / No question:
S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”
→ He asked Mary if / whether she had ever been to Japan.
“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked
→ I asked Tan if / whether he had gone out the night before.
* Wh – question
S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + ….
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ He asked me how long I was waiting for the bus.
III. REPORTED SPEECH WITH TO-INFINITIVE:
* Form:
1. Type 1: (không có tân ngữ theo sau)
Examples:
“I’ll send you a card on your birthday”
( He promised to send me a card on my birthday.
Động từ dùng trong trường hợp này:
agree
decide
demand
desire
expect
hope
offer
promise
propose
refuse
threaten
want
2. Type 2: có tân ngữ theo sau:
Examples:
`Please don`t tell anyone what happened`, Jane said to me.
( Jane asked me not to tell anyone what had happened.
Động từ dùng trong trường hợp này:
advise
allow
ask
beg
command
encourage
expect
forbid
Invite
instruct
order
permit
persuade
recommend
remind
request
require
teach
tell
urge
want
warn
IV. REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND:
- Dùng để tường thuật lời cảm ơn, xin lỗi, đề nghị, cảm giác, …
* Form:
1. Type 1:
Exanples:
He said to me; “Let’s go home.”
( He suggested going home.
- Những động từ dùng với dạng này:
admit
deny
permit
propose
suggest
regret
2. Type 2: Có giới từ trước V-ing
Examples: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
( Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
Những động từ sử dụng trong trường hợp này:
apologize for
approve of
complain about
confess to
dream of
insist on
object to
think of
look forward to
3. Type 3:
Examples:
a. “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you.
( Tom thanked me for helping him.
b. “Sorry. I didn’t help me,” he said to me.
( He apologized to me for not helping me.
Some useful structures:
apologize to sb for ...
accuse sb of ...
congratulate sb on ...
criticize sb for ...
prevent sb from ...
stop sb (from) ...
warn sb against ...
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
nguon VI OLET
