PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT
ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP VÀ ĐẠI HỌC
PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT
CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
Student’s name:
Instructor: Nguyễn Xuân Diệu
I. CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
1. TOO….TO…(quá….không thể):
S + V + Too + ADJ/ADV + (for sb) + To-infinitive
|
Ví dụ:
-
He is too short to play basketball.
(= He is very short, so he cannot play basketball.)
-
The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
(=The coffee is very hot and I cannot drink it.)
-
This game is too difficult for children to play.
(= The game is very difficult, so children couldn’t play it)
-
He spoke too fast for other people to understand.
(= He spoke very fast, other people cannot understand.)
Example exercise: Combine each pairs of these sentences, using TOO:
-
Tom is short. He can’t touch the ceiling.
→
-
It’s very late. We can’t see a movie.
→
-
Peter is very tired. He can’t study.
→
-
The pencil is very short. She can’t use it.
→
-
The jacket is very small. He can’t wear it.
→
-
It’s very cold. We can’t go swimming today.
→
-
Sarah can’t take a day off. She was very busy.
→
-
She lives far from school. She can’t walk there.
→
-
Alice is very young. She can’t stay at home alone.
→
-
The meeting is very important. We can’t miss it.
→
-
You speak so fast. I can’t catch up with your words.
→
-
The piano was too heavy. We couldn’t hang it on the wall.
→
-
The test was very long. We can’t finish it in half an hour.
→
-
He reached the station very late. He couldn’t catch the train.
→
-
Some movies are very violent. Children shouldn’t watch them.
→
2. ENOUGH (đủ…để có thể).
S + V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (for sb) + To infinitive
|
S + V + ENOUGH + NOUN + (for sb) + To infinitive
|
Ví dụ:
-
Mary is old enough to do what she wants.
-
He didn’t jump high enough to win a prize.
-
He wasn’t experienced enough to get that job.
-
It is not warm enough for children to swim in this pool.
-
They don’t have enough money to buy that car.
-
We have enough room for those guests.
Example exercise: Combine each pairs of these sentences, using ENOUGH :
-
The shirt is big. He can wear it.
→
-
The box is light. She can lift it.
→
-
The ladder is rather long. We can use it.
→
-
It’s not warm today. We can’t go outside.
→
-
The ice is very thick. People can dance on it.
→
-
The coat isn’t warm. I can’t wear it in winter.
→
-
Tom doesn’t have money. He can’t pay his bills.
→
-
That bookcase is large. It can hold 150 books.
→
-
The river is very rough. We can’t swim in it.
→
-
It was very hot. You can fry an egg on the pavement.
→
-
You are quite thin. You can slip between the two bars.
→
-
All my guests will need chairs. But I haven’t got any.
→
-
I didn’t have time. I couldn’t eat breakfast this morning.
→
-
A taxi would have been best. But I didn’t have enough money.
→
-
The room is not wide. We can’t hold a party in this room.
→
-
That chair is not strong. We can’t stand so long on that chair.
→
-
Mary doesn’t have money. She can’t buy that Martin bicycle.
→
II. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
1. SO….THAT… (quá…đến nỗi)
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + S + V
|
Ví dụ:
-
It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
-
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
-
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
Example exercise: Combine each pairs of these sentences, using SO…THAT.
-
She was frightened. She lost control of her car.
→
-
The music was loud. It gave me a headache.
→
-
The room is crowded. We can hardly move.
→
-
He was very disappointed. He committed a suicide.
→
-
She drove very fast. A policeman had to stop her and gave her a ticket.
→
-
She was very short. She couldn’t reach the tops of the high shelves.
→
-
The atmosphere was suffocating. Nobody could resist the temptation to go to the seaside.
→
-
He lives far from the office. He often gets up early to catch the bus to go to work on time.
→
-
Judy worked very hard. She received an increase in salary
→
-
They sang very well. They got a stand ovation.
→
2. SUCH… THAT…(quá...đến nỗi..)
S + V + SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + DT đếm được số nhiều + THAT + S + V
DT không đếm được
|
Ví dụ:
-
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
-
Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble.
-
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
-
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
-
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
-
It is such an intelligent boy that we all love him.
Example exercise:
-
It was a bad storm. We had to seek shelter.
→
-
I waited a long time. I finally had to leave.
→
-
It was a fine day. We wanted to go picnicking.
→
-
He gave me good advice. I passed the test easily.
→
-
It was a foggy night. We couldn’t see the road.
→
-
It was a delicious dessert. I decided to order portion.
→
-
She received very shocking news. She nearly fainted.
→
-
It was a beautiful dress. Mary wanted to show it to everybody at the party.
→
-
His sudden appearance gave her a great surprise. She burst out crying.
→
-
The children took a large bite of sandwich. He couldn’t chew it.
→
-
It was a strong wind. It blew down several banyan trees in this village.
→
-
He had a lot of work to do. He did not have time for lunch.
→
-
He was given a lot of work to do. He protested.
→
-
I had a lot of trouble with my schoolwork. I had to ask for help.
→
-
There were a lot of questions on the test. I couldn’t finish it in half an hour.
→
3. Cấu trúc đặc biệt
S + V + SO +MANY/ FEW+ danh từ đếm được số nhiều + THAT + S + V
|
S + V + SO + MUCH/ LITTLE+danh từ không đếm được+ THAT + S + V
|
Ví dụ:
-
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
-
I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one.
-
He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
-
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Example exercise:
-
There were many people on the bus. We decided to walk.
→
-
He had so many books to read. He didn’t find time for his hobby.
→
-
She ate very little food and drink. She lost 10 kilos for 2 months.
→
-
There were many people in the theater. I couldn’t find the seat.
→
-
There were very few students at the extra class. It was cancelled.
→
-
The grass received very little water. It turned brown in the heat.
→
-
He has invested so much money in the project. He can’t give it up now.
→
-
There were many people in the hall. We couldn’t see Professor Taylor.
→
-
There are too many difficulties. They must postpone the project until next year.
→
-
There are many new words on the exam. The students just complete it in time.
→
-
There is so much noise. He can’t concentrate on his lessons.
→
-
They drank very much wine. They slept all day.
→
S + V + SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + DT đếm được số ít + THAT + S + V
|
S + V + SO + ADJ + A + DT đếm được số ít + THAT + S + V
|
Ví dụ;
-
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors
↔ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
-
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down
↔ It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
Exercise:
-
The house was so expensive. Nobody can buy it.
→ The house was so
→ It was so
-
The food was very delicious. We ate all of it.
→ The food was so
→ It was such
-
The piano is so heavy. He can’t lift it up..
→The patient is so
→ It is such
-
This room is so dark. I can’t study in this room.
→ This room is so
→ It is so
-
This room is very small. We can’t hold the meeting.
→ This room is so
→ It was such
-
Tests are very difficult. We all couldn’t do them.
→ It was such
-
The map is too old. We couldn’t read it.
→ It is so
-
That woman was very tall. She could touch the ceiling.
→ She was such
-
The coffee was so strong. She couldn’t go to sleep.
→ It was so
-
This coat is very big. I can’t wear it.
→ It is such
4. Đảo ngữ
1. SO + ADJ + BE + DT đếm được số it/ S + THAT + S +
2. SO + ADJ + Trợ động từ + DT đếm được số it / S + V + THAT + S + V
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S1 + V + SUCH + (A/AN )+ ADJ + Danh từ + THAT + S + V
1. S1 = It: SUCH + BE + (A/AN )+ ADJ + Danh từ + THAT + S + V
2. S = others:
SUCH + (A/AN )+ ADJ + DT + (Trợ động từ ) + S + V +THAT + S + V
(SUCH + (A/AN )+ ADJ + DT + BE + S + THAT + S + V
|
Ví dụ:
1. She is so kind that everyone loves her → So kind is she that everyone loves her.
2. The man runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.
→ So fast does the man run that no one can catch up with him.
3. They had such a good performance that all the audience must applauded.
→ Such a good performance did they have that all the audience must applauded.
4. She was such a kind woman that everyone loved her
→ Such a kind woman was she that everyone loved her
Exercise:
-
I love you so deeply that I can’t live without you.
→ So
-
The weather was so terrible that all crops were destroyed.
→ So
-
It is so strange a situation that I can’t sleep.
→ So
-
They carry such heavy bags that none of us could lift them.
→ Such
-
It is such a large stadium that it can hold 60000 people.
→ Such
-
Those lessons are very complicated. He can’t understand them
→ Such
-
The climate was very bad. All the plants couldn’t grow well.
→ So
-
Those cars were very cheap. Many people bought them last month.
→ So
III. Chuyển đổi câu
1. Dạng 1
S + V (NOT) + ADJ/ ADV + ENOUGH + TO V
↕
S + V + TOO + ADJ/ ADV ( TRÁI NGHĨA) + TO V
|
-
My brother isn’t old enough to ride a motorbike.
→ My brother is
-
I wasn’t tall enough to reach the book.
→ I
-
He didn’t speak slowly enough for me to understand.
→ He
-
Her son doesn’t study well enough to pass the exam.
→ Her
-
William is too fat to wear the jeans
→ William
-
David was too sick to go to work
→ David
-
The tables were too heavy for me to lift
→ The tables
-
She is too weak to get up
→ She
-
Mike is too young to see the horror film.
→ Mike
-
Peter is too young to ride a bike.
→ Peter
2. Dạng 2
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT+ S + Vm + V
↕
S +V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + TO_INF
|
-
He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears.
→ He
-
She isn’t very intelligent, so she can’t do that exercises.
→ She
-
The paper mill is very large, so it can satisfy the need of the whole country.
→ The paper mill
-
Those exercises are easy, so they could finish them in half an hour.
→ Those exercises
-
The policeman could not run very fast, so he was unable to catch the burglar.
→
-
There is no much beer, so you can’t all have a drink.
→There
-
I am very tired, so I must go to bed early.
→ I
-
The water was so cold that children could not swim in it.
→ The water
-
It is so sunny that we can dry our rice.
→ It is
-
They are so kind that they are very hospitable to me
→
-
Thomas is so skillful that he can make a lot of toys.
→Thomas
-
The wine is so strong that he could make a fire.
→The wine
-
That man is so rich that he can buy a spaceship.
→ That man
-
The boy is so intelligent that he can answer all the questions.
→ The boy
-
The girl was so ill that they sent for a doctor.
→ The girl
3. Dạng 3
1. S + BE + TOO + ADJ + (FOR SB) + TO_INFI
↕
S+ BE + SO +ADJ +THAT + S + VM + NOT + V_INFI
|
2. S + V + TOO + ADV +(FOR SB) + TO_INFI
↕
S + V + SO + ADV + THAT + S +VM + NOT + V_INFI
|
VM = CAN, COULD, MAY, SHOULD, WOULD, WILL, …
Exercise :
-
This iron bar is too cold for the worker to strike.
→ The iron bar
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The news is too good to be truth.
→ The news
-
He spoke too fast for anybody to understand.
→ He
-
This tea is too hot for him to to drink.
→ This tea
-
The cake was too hard for me to eat.
→The cake
-
The production is too small to satisfy the need of our city.
→ The production
-
The problem was too complicated for them to solve in a few months.
→ The problem
-
The man was too tired to say a word.
→ The man
-
I think that my sister is too busy to help them.
→ I think my sister
-
Peter is too young to take part in the club.
→ Peter
-
She spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him.
→ She
-
She was so busy that he couldn’t do the housework.
→ She was too
-
I’m so tired that I couldn’t keep my eyes open.
→ I’m too
-
The girl is so ugly that she can’t participate in the beauty contest.
→ The girl
-
The car travels so slowly that they couldn’t reach the station on time.
→ The car
-
Khanh Nhu is so busy that she can’t go to the cinema.
→ Khanh Nhu
-
Jean learns so lazily that she couldn’t pass the exam.
→ Jean
-
The river so large that we can’t swim across it.
→ The rever
-
The music is so loud that they can’t enjoy it.
→ The music
-
The case was so heavy that he couldn’t carry it.
→ The case
4. Dạng 4
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + S + V
↕
S + V + SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ + DT đếm được số nhiều + THAT + S + V
DT không đếm được
|
Exercises:
-
The boy was so naughty that he set the fire to his house.
→ He was
-
She is so ugly that children don’t dare to meet her.
→ She is
-
Mary ran so quickly that she won the medal.
→ Mary
-
The door is so rotten that the dog makes a hole on it.
→ It is
-
The tiger was so hungry that it could attack the visitors.
→ It was
-
The dog is so fierce that the girl can’t enter the yard.
→ It is
-
Her hand writing was so small that he can’t read it.
→She has
-
It was such a terrifying film that she didn’t dare to go to the toilet.
→ The film was
-
The landlord was such a wicked person that all the tenants left him.
→ The landlord
-
It was such a crowded bus that we couldn’t get on it.
→ The bus
-
She is such a weak girl that she can’t lift the box.
→ She
-
It was so interesting a film that all members in my family watch it.
→ The film
Sentence transformation
-
We went to bed early because we were very tired.
→ We were so
-
The lesson is very difficult. We can’t understand it
→ It is such
-
The car is so old that he doesn’t want to drive it.
→ It is such
-
The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out.
→ The weather was too
-
The film was so interesting that we couldn’t miss it.
→ It was such
-
The film was very good. We saw it through. (Enough)
→ The film was
-
The play was very amusing. They enjoyed it. (Enough)
→ The play was
-
The children were very late. They couldn’t see the display of fireworks. (Too)
→ The children were
-
Your brother is very young. He can’t go swimming. (Too)
→ He is
-
The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake. (Enough)
→
-
The boy can’t wear the shirt because it’s very tight.
→The shirt is too
→The shirt is so
→ It is so
→ So
→ It is such
→ Such
-
This problem is very difficult. He can’t solve it.
→ The problem is too
→ The problem is so
→ It is such
→ It is so
→ So
→ It is such
→ Such
-
The man was not able to go on an expedition to the Middle East because he was too old.
→ The man was too
→ The man is so
→ So
→ Such
-
Hoa is very sick. She can’t sit up.
→ Hoa is too
→ Hoa is so
→ So
-
It was very dark, so she couldn’t go out.
→ It was too
→ It is so
→ So
-
That car was too expensive for me to buy.
→ That car was so
→ So
→ It was so
→ It was such
→ Such
-
The movie was so funny that we couldn’t stop laughing.
→ The movie was too
→ It was such
→ It was so
→ So
→ It was such
→ Such
-
No one could move the piano. It was very heavy.
→ The piano was too
→ The piano was so
→ It was so
→ So
→ It was such
→ Such
-
We shouldn’t swim in this river. The water isn’t clean.
→ The river isn’t
→ The river is too
→ The river is so
→ It is so
→ So
→ It is such
→ Such
-
John couldn’t get to sleep last night. He was worried about exam.
→ John was too
→ John was so
-
It was a good book. I couldn’t put it down.
→ The book was too
→ The book was so
→ It was so
→ So
→ It was such
→ Such
-
They were beautiful flowers. We took a photograph of them.
→ They were too
→ They were so
→ So
→ It was such
→ Such
-
She speaks English well. You would think it was her native language.
She speaks English too
She speaks English so
So
Instructor: Nguyễn Xuân Diệu Page 1