INFINITIVE AND GERUND(Độngtừnguyênmẫuvàdanhđộngtừ)
I. INFINITIVE
1. To-infinitive / Infinitive with to: Độngtừnguyênmẫucó “to”
* Độngtừnguyênmẫucó to đượcdùnglàm:
- Chủngữcủacâu:
Ex: To become a famous singer is her dream.
- Bổngữchochủngữ:
Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand.
- Tânngữcủađộngtừ
Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home.
- Tânngữcủatínhtừ
Ex: I’m pleased to see you.
* V + to-inf
- Saucácđộngtừ: Agree , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thấtbại), plan, manage, pretend (giảvờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúcgiục), seem, tend, threaten,…
- Trongcáccấutrúc:
+ It takes / took + O + thờigian + to-inf
+ chỉmụcđích
+ bổngữchodanhtừhoặcđạitừ: S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf
I have some letters to write.
Is there anything to eat?
+ It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để ..
Ex: It is interesting to study English
+ S + be + adj + to-inf
Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.
+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf
+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf
+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf
Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.
- Saucáctừnghivấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưngthườngkhôngdùngsau why)
Ex: I don’t know what to say.
* Adj + to-inf:
- Hìnhthứcnguyênmẫucó to thườngđượcdùngsaumộtsốtínhtừdiễntảphảnứnghoặccảmxúccủa con người
(un)able delighted proud glad
ashamed afraid eager surprised
anxious pleased amused easy
annoyed happy ready
* Note:
- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf
Ex: She allowed me to use her pen.
- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing
Ex: She didn’t allow smoking in her room.
- be allowed / permitted + to-inf
Ex: I was allowed to go out with my friends last night.
2. Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to (V1): Độngtừnguyênmẫukhông “to”
Độngtừnguyênmẫukhông to đượcdùng:
- Sauđộngtừkhiếmkhuyết: can, will, shall, could, would,…
- Saucácđộngtừ: let, make, would rather, had better
Ex: They made him repeat the whole story.
- Cácđộngtừchỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find .. + O + V1 (chỉsựhoàntấtcủahànhđộng – nghehoặcthấytoànbộsựviệcdiễnra)
Ex: I saw her get off the bus.
- Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun
Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework.
He usually helps his sister do her homework.
He usually helps his sister with her homework.
II. GERUND (V-ing): Danhđộngtừ
* Danhđộngtừcóthểđượcdùnglàm:
- Chủtừcủacâu: Swimming is my favourite sport.
- Bổngữcủađộngtừ: My hobby is collecting stamps.
- Tânngữcủađộngtừ: I enjoy traveling.
* V + V-ing
- Saucácđộngtừ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánhgiácao), mind (quantâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãnlại), consider (xemxét), hate, admit (thừanhận), like, love, deny (phủnhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếptục), miss (bỏlỡ), imagine (tưởngtượng), mention, risk, delay (trìhoãn), ….
- Saucáccụmđộngtừ: cant’ help (khôngthểkhông), can’t bear / can’t stand (khôngthểchịuđược), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (khôngcóíchlợigì), be busy, be worth (đánggiá)
- Saugiớitừ: in, on, at, from, to, about …
- Saucácliêntừ: after, before, when, while, since,…
Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room.
- S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing
Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise.
III. INFINITIVE OR GERUND
1. Khôngthayđổinghĩa:
- begin / start / continue/ like / love + to-inf / V-ing
Ex: It started to rain / raining.
2. Thayđổinghĩa:
+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuốitiếcviệcđãxảyrarồi (trongquákhứ)
+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuốitiếcviệcchưa, sắpxảyra (trongtươnglai)
Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.
I remember meetingyousome where but I can’t know your
nguon VI OLET
